Estimation of multi-route exposures to various chemicals during Children's clay toy use

Kang, Sohyun; Lee, Ki-Young; Lim, Miyoung

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2022.113500

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The F values for compounds with vapor pressures of <0.1, 0.1−1, 1−10 Pa, and more than 10 Pa were 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1, respectively (Table S5). 42 N is the ventilation volume (0.5 h −1 ). V is the main activity volume of children when The statistical results of the questionnaire are all divided into the 95th percentile.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also considered the exposure pathway of the hand-to-mouth contact. The models were referred from Kang 42 and Fan. 47 Calculation processes are shown in Text S2, and results are shown in Table S7.…”

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The average daily dose through inhalation (ADD inh ) was calculated based on models established by inhalation from refs and . Parameters in the model were obtained by comprehensively referring to the Manual of Exposure Parameters for Chinese population and taking into account the ventilation volume .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The F values for compounds with vapor pressures of <0.1, 0.1–1, 1–10 Pa, and more than 10 Pa were 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1, respectively (Table S5). N is the ventilation volume (0.5 h –1 ). V is the main activity volume of children when NMRPs were used, assume that the ball volume directly after children raised their hands was the main diffusion volume of compounds, about 4 m 3 , ET is exposure time (hour/use), and EF is frequency of use (event/day).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Screening and Evaluation of Children’s Sensitively Toxic Chemicals in New Mosquito Repellent Products Based on a Nationwide Investigation

Liu,

Jin,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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New mosquito repellent products (NMRPs) are emerging popular repellents among children. There are increasing reports on children's sensitization reactions caused by NMRPs, while regulations on their productions, sales, or usage are still lacking. One of the reasons could be the missing comprehensive risk assessment. We first conducted a nationwide investigation on children's NMRP usage preferences. Then, we high-throughput screened volatile or semivolatile organic chemicals (VOCs/ SVOCs) in five representative NMRPs by the headspace gas chromatography−orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry analytical method. After that, toxic compounds were recognized based on the toxicity forecaster (ToxCast) database. A total of 277 VOCs/SVOCs were recognized, and 70 of them were identified as toxic compounds. In a combination of concentrations, toxicities, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion characteristics in the body, 28 chemicals were finally proposed as priority-controlled compounds in NMRPs. Exposure risks of recognized toxic chemicals through NMRPs by inhalation and dermal intake for children across the country were also assessed. Average daily intakes were in the range of 0.20−7.31 mg/kg/day for children in different provinces, and the children in southeastern coastal provinces were found to face higher exposure risks. By controlling the high-priority chemicals, the risks were expected to be reduced by about 46.8% on average. Results of this study are therefore believed to evaluate exposure risks, encourage safe production, and promote reasonable management of NMRPs.

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Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Screening and Evaluation of Children’s Sensitively Toxic Chemicals in New Mosquito Repellent Products Based on a Nationwide Investigation

Liu,

Jin,

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Children are daily exposed to a variety of chemicals not only through outdoor activities but also indoors in their homes and schools. Several routes of exposure to environmental contaminants are noted, such as through inhalation, ingestion, or direct contact (dermal absorption) [1][2][3]. Nevertheless, available data suggest that diet is the major human exposure pathway for organic contaminants of concern [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating non-targeted analysis methods for chemical characterization of organic contaminants in different matrices to estimate children’s exposure

Cui

Cox

Mejias

et al. 2023

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Background Children are vulnerable to environmental exposure of contaminants due to their small size, lack of judgement skills, as well as their proximity to dust, soil, and other environmental sources. A better understanding about the types of contaminants that children are exposed to or how their bodies retain or process these compounds is needed. Objective In this study, we have implemented and optimized a methodology based on non-targeted analysis (NTA) to characterize chemicals in dust, soil, urine, and in the diet (food and drinking water) of infant populations. Methods To evaluate potential toxicological concerns associated with chemical exposure, families with children between 6 months and 6 years of age from underrepresented groups were recruited in the greater Miami area. Samples of soil, indoor dust, food, water, and urine were provided by the caregivers, prepared by different techniques (involving online SPE, ASE, USE, QuEChERs), and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data post-processing was performed using the small molecule structure identification software, Compound Discoverer (CD) 3.3, and identified features were plotted using Kendrick mass defect plot and Van Krevelen diagrams to show unique patterns in different samples and regions of anthropogenic compound classifications. Results The performance of the NTA workflow was evaluated using quality control standards in terms of accuracy, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity, with an average of 98.2%, 20.3%, 98.4% and 71.1%, respectively. Sample preparation was successfully optimized for soil, dust, water, food, and urine. A total of 30, 78, 103, 20 and 265 annotated features were frequently identified (detection frequency >80%) in the food, dust, soil, water, and urine samples, respectively. Common features detected in each matrix were prioritized and classified, providing insight on children’s exposure to organic contaminants of concern and their potential toxicities. Impact statement Current methods to assess the ingestion of chemicals by children have limitations and are generally restricted by specific classes of targeted organic contaminants of interest. This study offers an innovative approach using non-targeted analysis for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants that children are exposed to through dust, soil, and diet (drinking water and food).

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Combined association of urinary volatile organic compounds with chronic bronchitis and emphysema among adults in NHANES 2011–2014: The mediating role of inflammation

Wang,

Yu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Chemosphere

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Estimation of multi-route exposures to various chemicals during Children's clay toy use

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Screening and Evaluation of Children’s Sensitively Toxic Chemicals in New Mosquito Repellent Products Based on a Nationwide Investigation

Screening and Evaluation of Children’s Sensitively Toxic Chemicals in New Mosquito Repellent Products Based on a Nationwide Investigation

Evaluating non-targeted analysis methods for chemical characterization of organic contaminants in different matrices to estimate children’s exposure

Combined association of urinary volatile organic compounds with chronic bronchitis and emphysema among adults in NHANES 2011–2014: The mediating role of inflammation

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