Estimation of Minor and Trace Elements Concentration and Investigation of Chemical Composition of Kidney Stones in Kurdistan Region

Abstract

Investigations of the chemical composition of kidney stones are essential for understanding of the nature formation of stones and for the development of preventative treatment methods. Instrumental activation analysis radiations are significant tools for determining the composition of kidney stones. Kidney stones of varying compositions were investigated through the use of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques. Materials can be observed in two very different ways due to the X-ray photon's unique interaction with matter. Using a combination of X-ray fluorescence and activation analysis, this method provides a thorough assessment phases of kindney stones which is containinig Weddelite, Whewellite, Uricite, Apatite and Struvite by using XRD method. The XRF, FTIR, and XRD methods were used to two groups of kidney stones. Based on the XRF analysis, the elements Ca, S, P, Si, and Cl were determined to have the highest concentrations. The heavy metals Cu, Fe, Zn, Ta, Sn, and Pb, were detected as trace elements. The purpose of this study was to use XRF, XRD, and FTIR instrumental activation analysis techniques to determine the chemical composition of kidney stones and phase of kidnes its quite important to development of preventative treatment methods.