Estimation of light duty vehicle emissions in Islamabad and climate co-benefits of improved emission standards implementation

Shah, Izhar Hussain; Zeeshan, Muhammad

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.12.012

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…As a result of these problems, the residents of rural and urban areas prefer usage of private vehicles as opposed to public means of transport . In terms of vehicular CO 2 emissions, Pakistan has surpassed the United States due to the deteriorated condition of vehicles, less fuel efficiency and poor engine quality of vehicles, less efficient vehicle engines and poorly adjusted engines of vehicles cause an increase in CO 2 emissions . The emissions per vehicle in rural areas are dangerously high, which makes the total emissions from vehicular traffic much higher than that of urban areas.…”

Section: Overview Of Sectorial Ghg Emissions In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of sectorial contribution towards greenhouse gas emissions and progress in carbon capture and storage in Pakistan

et al. 2019

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The extreme amount of greenhouse gases (GHGs) being released into the atmosphere has proved to be a globally challenging phenomenon that leads to changes in the climate and global warming. The amount of GHGs in the atmosphere has escalated immensely, with a substantial growth of 5.8% in 2010; a similar increase was observed in Pakistan as well. In Pakistan, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions stand at 54% of total GHG emissions whereas methane, nitrous oxide, carbon monoxide and volatile organic carbon contribute to emissions at 36%, 9%, 0.75% and 0.3%, respectively. One of the key reasons for climatic changes is GHG emission generation from human interventions and activities related to transportation, urban development, industrialization, energy sources, farming and agriculture, waste's improper management, land use and forestry. In 2011, Pakistan's entire GHG emissions were a whopping 347 Mt of CO2‐eq, and by 2050, they are estimated to reach 4621 Mt CO2‐eq. This review evaluates and assesses GHG emissions generating from various sectors in Pakistan, in a socio‐scientific prospect that is caused by human activities and interventions in different economic sectors in Pakistan, endangering the environment across the country. Additionally, the review examines the current level of GHG emissions while accounting for China–Pakistan Economic Corridor–based emissions, abatement strategies including development of a state‐of‐the‐art technique for carbon capture and storage/utilization technologies in Pakistan. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Overview Of Sectorial Ghg Emissions In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review of sectorial contribution towards greenhouse gas emissions and progress in carbon capture and storage in Pakistan

et al. 2019

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“…Rapid urbanization, population growth, industrial expansion, and agricultural development are known to affect environmental quality especially in the early economic development phase (Apergis & Ozturk, 2015; Dasgupta, Laplante, Wang, & Wheeler, 2002). Pakistan is no exception to this phenomenon where environmental costs associated with air, water, and soil pollution have reached alarming levels (Khwaja, 2012; Shah & Zeeshan, 2016). Sector‐wise, agricultural activities contribute to the contamination of soil and water resources due to immense use of fertilizers and pesticides (ADB, 2008) whereas household and commercial solid wastes remain largely untreated and/or are poorly disposed (Zahid, Shabbir, & Suleri, 2018).…”

Section: Overview On Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronological change of resource metabolism and decarbonization patterns in Pakistan: Perspectives from a typical developing country

Shah

Park

2020

J of Industrial Ecology

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With economic growth in many developing countries, not all are making similar progress with regard to material and environmental efficiencies. This study examines material use and CO2 emission patterns and intensities from 1971 to 2015 in a typical developing country, Pakistan, and investigates national‐level and multi‐country‐level efficiency improvements using data envelopment analysis. The results are used to derive key policy insights for a sustainable economic transition with higher resource and carbon efficiencies. Results show that material intensity has reduced by 39.1% while CO2 intensity has risen by 21.5% in the country. Pakistan, when compared with its top 10 export countries, was relatively more material and CO2 intensive. National‐level efficiency was found to be low in most of the periods due to material/energy intensive agriculture and industries, low value‐added exports, etc. Insights from the national‐level efficiency analysis indicate that surging CO2 intensities have started to decline since 2010 and the economy has greatly stabilized. Multi‐country analysis revealed that the efficiency gap between Pakistan and its developed export countries (such as the United Kingdom and France) has widened during the study period. Insights from the multi‐country analysis suggest that the economic growth and industrialization improves material and environmental efficiencies to some extent, yet these improvements are not equally distributed among all countries. As a way forward, integrated policies on sustainable resource consumption, carbon mitigation, and economic growth are necessary for accruing higher benefits from rising global trade and resource connectedness.

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“…As economic growth, industrialization, and energy consumption are closely associated with rising carbon emissions, many studies have focused to examine relative drivers of CO 2 emissions with the help of mathematical tools (Shah and Zeeshan 2016;Andreoni and Galmarini 2016;Dong et al 2020). Popular methods, such as the IPAT equation (impact on environment equals the product of population, affluence, and technology) and Kaya identity (an extended form of the IPAT equation), have been widely applied for carbon emission assessments (Rafaj et al 2014;Liu and Wang 2017).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decarbonization of Vietnam’s economy: decomposing the drivers for a low-carbon growth

Huong

Shah

Park

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Vietnam has witnessed a rapid increase in national-level CO 2 emissions due to rising urbanization, economic expansion, export growth, and industrial development. Moreover, to support the ambitious economic growth targets, reliance on and consumption of fossil fuels are increasing by each passing year. With this circumstance, this study aims to analyze the key drivers of CO 2 emissions in Vietnam from 1990 to 2016 using the Kaya identity and decomposition method. Following this approach, CO 2 emissions have been decomposed into five effect categories comprising population, affluence, energy intensity, fuel mix, and emission intensity. As per the results, CO 2 emissions in Vietnam were mainly driven by rising affluence (58.5%) and changing fuel mix (33.2%) which have resulted from improved living standards, rapid industrial development, and higher fossil fuel consumption. Moreover, population (13.8%) and emission intensity (3.1%) exhibited a relatively lower impact on CO 2 emissions during 1990-2016. However, energy intensity (− 8.7%) was the only negative driver which has resulted in the slowdown of carbon emissions in Vietnam. Based on the analysis of energy policy development, the share of renewable energy resources was still quite low in the national energy mix with higher reliance on traditional fossil fuels (mainly coal and petroleum). Therefore, to make a transition towards low-carbon economic growth, significant improvements in energy efficiency and emission intensity are necessary together with national energy mix restructuring for low-carbon economic growth.

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Estimation of light duty vehicle emissions in Islamabad and climate co-benefits of improved emission standards implementation

Cited by 23 publications

References 26 publications

A comprehensive review of sectorial contribution towards greenhouse gas emissions and progress in carbon capture and storage in Pakistan

A comprehensive review of sectorial contribution towards greenhouse gas emissions and progress in carbon capture and storage in Pakistan

Chronological change of resource metabolism and decarbonization patterns in Pakistan: Perspectives from a typical developing country

Decarbonization of Vietnam’s economy: decomposing the drivers for a low-carbon growth

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