Estimation of Levels of Salivary Mucin, Amylase and Total Protein in Gingivitis and Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Abstract

Background: Periodontal diseases are a group of inflammatory conditions resulting from interaction between a pathogenic bacterial biofilm and susceptible host's inflammatory response eventually leading to the destruction of periodontal structures and subsequent tooth loss. Hence, investigation of salivary proteins in individuals with periodontal diseases may be useful to enhance the knowledge of their roles in these diseases. Materials and Methods:This case-control study was conducted at A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore. The study comprised of 90 patients of age between 25-60 years who were clinically examined and divided into three groups of 30 each: namely clinically healthy, gingivitis and chronic periodontitis. These were classified according to the values of gingival index score, clinical attachment loss and probing pocket depth. Unstimulated saliva was collected and salivary mucin, amylase and total protein levels were determined. Statistical analysis:Results obtained were tabulated and statistically analyzed using ANOVA test and Karl pearson's correlation test. Results:The results of the study showed an increased concentration of salivary mucin, amylase and total protein in gingivitis patients and increased levels of amylase and total protein in saliva of chronic periodontitis patients compared to healthy individuals which were statistically significant. A decrease in mucin concentration was observed in the periodontitis group compared to gingivitis group. A positive correlation was present between salivary mucin, amylase and total protein levels in the three groups.Conclusion: Salivary mucin, amylase and total protein may serve as an important biochemical parameter of inflammation of the periodontium. Also, it can be hypothesized that various enzyme inhibitors might be useful as a part of host modulation therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases.

Estimation of salivary glycoconjugates and salivary ros levels in chronic periodontitis: a clinico-biochemical study

“…In present study, we noticed elevated levels of total protein in periodontitis subjects, this increase in concentration may be attributed to modulation by extent of plasma protein exudation. Present study was in accordance with study conducted by Amita Ahire et al, Arati et al, Swati et al and Nada et al [14][15][16][17] Elevated levels of ROS levels were noted in the saliva of chronic periodontitis subjects. These elevated levels of ROS in saliva can result in imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants causing destruction of the periodontium leading to periodontitis.…”

Labial Salivary Glands in Infants

“…Intralobular ducts normally do not provide the typical basal membrane infoldings and increased numbers of mitochondria like in striated type of ducts. [1][2][3] Saliva produced by the sublingual, submandibular, and minor salivary glands contains, for example, mucins and amylase 4 and is crucial for digestion, tasting, pH-buffering, tooth remineralization, and immune defense. 5 The clinical importance of these small glands becomes evident in the possible development of a variety of tumors.…”

Salivary Amylase as a Biomarker in Health and Periodontal Diseases

“…Study by Swati Kejriwal 2014 15 recorded SAA level by kinetic assay method and found significantly higher values in gingivitis group 95.7047 U/ml, in periodontitis group 125.01 U/ml as compared to the healthy group 77.2113 U/ml as seen in Table-4: Intra-group comparison of mean PPD and CAL for group C, at baseline and after SRP using 't' test…”

“…18 Thus, the high concentration of salivary α-amylase seen in present study suggests it to be an important defense molecule essential for the innate immunity in the oral cavity. 15 iii) The increased levels could partly be also due to an increased leakage of plasma proteins into saliva due to inflammation. 19 It was observed that mean SAA level was reduced, 6 weeks after the SRP in group B and C. The study by 20 compared SAA in chronic periodontitis patients before and after SRP.…”