Estimation of Lens Stray Light with Regard to the Incapacitation of Imaging Sensors—Part 2: Validation

Schwarz, Bastian; Ritt, Gunnar; Eberle, Bernd

doi:10.3390/s22239447

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In an earlier work, we compared the calculated spatial light distribution in the focal plane of a camera lens, based on our theoretical model, with the output of the optical design software FRED [ 25 ]. We showed that the results of our theoretical model are comparable with the simulated results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laser Safety—What Is the Laser Hazard Distance for an Electro-Optical Imaging System?

Ritt

2023

Sensors

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Laser safety is an important topic. Everybody working with lasers has to follow the long-established occupational safety rules to prevent people from eye damage by accidental irradiation. These rules comprise, for example, the calculation of the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE), as well as the corresponding laser hazard distance, the so-called Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD). At exposure levels below the MPE, laser eye dazzling may occur and is described by a quite new concept, leading to definitions such as the Maximum Dazzle Exposure (MDE) and to its corresponding Nominal Ocular Dazzle Distance (NODD). In earlier work, we defined exposure limits for sensors corresponding to those for the human eye: The Maximum Permissible Exposure for a Sensor, MPES, and the Maximum Dazzle Exposure for a Sensor, MDES. In this publication, we report on our continuative work concerning the laser hazard distances arising from these exposure limits. In contrast to the human eye, unexpected results occur for electro-optical imaging systems: For laser irradiances exceeding the exposure limit, MPES, it can happen that the laser hazard zone does not extend directly from the laser source, but only from a specific distance to it. This means that some scenarios are possible where an electro-optical imaging sensor may be in danger of getting damaged within a certain distance to the laser source but is safe from damage when located close to the laser source. This is in contrast to laser eye safety, where it is assumed that the laser hazard zone always extends directly from the laser source. Furthermore, we provide closed-form equations in order to estimate laser hazard distances related to the damaging and dazzling of the electro-optical imaging systems.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For details, we refer the reader to Reference [ 18 ]. For this generic set of scatter parameters, we use capital letters:

The scatter parameters were validated by simulations with the FRED optical design software [ 25 ]. In Equation (A3), a fourth scatter parameter,

, is listed.…”

Section: Appendix A1 Damage Thresholds Of Image Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Safety—What Is the Laser Hazard Distance for an Electro-Optical Imaging System?

Ritt

2023

Sensors

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“…One simulation was focused on the diffraction component and the second one on the stray light component. The output of both simulation runs was then combined and subsequently compared with calculations based on Equation (4); for detail see reference [11]. Some results are presented in Figure 8.…”

Section: Validation Using the Optical Design Software Fredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this publication, we summarize our work on laser safety calculations for electro-optical imaging systems, which was presented in detail in several journal articles [8][9][10][11]. This includes the derivation of equations to estimate exposure limits (Section 4) and dazzle spot sizes (Section 5), approximations to estimate hazard distances (Section 6), suggestions for values of non-standard parameters (Section 7) and the validation of the this work by modeling and field trials (Section 8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approach for laser safety calculations for electro-optical imaging systems

Ritt,

Schwarz,

Eberle

et al. 2023

Technologies for Optical Countermeasures XIX

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Laser safety with regard to the human eye is a well-known topic. Everybody working with laser sources has to follow the long-established occupational safety rules to prevent people from eye damage by accidental irradiation. These rules comprise, for example, the use of laser safety eye-wear and the calculation of the Maximum Permissible Exposure (MPE) and its corresponding hazard distance, the Nominal Ocular Hazard Distance (NOHD). At exposure levels below the MPE, glare effects may occur if the laser wavelengths are in the visible spectral range. The physical effects of laser dazzling on the human eye are described by a quite new concept, which defines the Maximum Dazzle Exposure (MDE) and the corresponding Nominal Ocular Dazzle Distance (NODD).Triggered by the MDE/NODD concept, we investigated whether similar laser safety calculations could be performed for electro-optical imaging systems. In this publication, we will review our approach for laser safety calculations for such systems. We have succeeded to find closed-form equations allowing calculations of exposure limits to prevent electrooptical imaging systems from damage and/or dazzle. Furthermore, we found some interesting effects related to the corresponding hazard distances, which are also discussed.

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“…In this publication, we review our work on laser safety calculations for electro-optical imaging systems, which was presented in detail in several journal articles and conference proceedings 8 – 12 This includes the derivation of equations to estimate exposure limits (ELs; Sec. 4) and dazzle spot sizes (Sec.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser safety for electro-optical imaging systems: exposure limits and hazard distances

Ritt,

Schwarz,

Eberle

et al. 2024

Opt. Eng.

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Laser safety with regard to the human eye is a well-known topic. Everybody working with laser sources has to follow the long-established occupational safety rules to prevent people from eye damage by accidental irradiation. These rules comprise, for example, the use of laser safety eyewear and the calculation of the maximum permissible exposure (MPE) and its corresponding hazard distance, the nominal ocular hazard distance. At exposure levels below the MPE, glare effects may occur if the laser wavelengths are in the visible spectral range. The physical effects of laser dazzling on the human eye are described by a quite new concept, which defines the maximum dazzle exposure (MDE) and the corresponding nominal ocular dazzle distance (NODD). Triggered by the MDE/NODD concept, we investigated whether similar laser safety calculations could be performed for electro-optical imaging systems. In this publication, we will review our approach for laser safety calculations for such systems. We have succeeded in finding closed-form equations, allowing calculations of exposure limits to prevent electro-optical imaging systems from damage and/or dazzle. Furthermore, we found some interesting effects related to the corresponding hazard distances, which are also discussed.

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Estimation of Lens Stray Light with Regard to the Incapacitation of Imaging Sensors—Part 2: Validation

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Laser Safety—What Is the Laser Hazard Distance for an Electro-Optical Imaging System?

Laser Safety—What Is the Laser Hazard Distance for an Electro-Optical Imaging System?

An approach for laser safety calculations for electro-optical imaging systems

Laser safety for electro-optical imaging systems: exposure limits and hazard distances

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