Estimation of interleukin-17 levels in gingival crevicular fluid from healthy individuals, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Abstract

Background: Chronic Periodontitis (CP) is an infectious disease resulting in inflammation of supporting tissues of the teeth. A number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are formed against periodontopathogenic microorganisms. Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine, implicated in numerous inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.Methods: A total of 25 periodontally healthy subjects (Group 1), 25 patients with gingivitis (Group 2) and 25 patients with CP (Group 3) were included for the study based on clinical examination. Gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss were recorded in all subjects.Results: The levels of IL-17 increased from healthy to gingivitis to periodontitis patients. A positive correlation was found with the IL-17 and the clinical parameters like gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss.Conclusions: There is a strong association between the levels of IL-17 with periodontal disease as well as with its severity and its possible use as a biomarker for inflammatory periodontal disease.

Evaluation of Serum IL-17A Levels in Diabetes with Chronic Periodontitis Patients

“…and Arief et al21 who reported that the clinical parameters (CAL, PPD) were not correlated with serum IL-17A level of CP patients. In contrast to our study, Nainee et al24 demonstrated that Gingival Crevicular fluid (GCF) concentration of IL-17A cytokine was correlated with clinical parameters of chronic periodontitis patients. The local production…”

IL-23/IL-17 axis levels in gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with periodontal disease: a systematic review

“…The oldest study was from 2005 [ 39 ], and the most recent from 2022 [ 28 ]. Five (41.6%) studies were conducted in India [ 28 – 30 , 35 , 36 ], two (16.6%) studies in Iran [ 31 , 32 ], and other studies (8.3%) in Saudi Arabia [ 33 ], Japan [ 34 ], Egypt [ 37 ], Turkey [ 38 ], and Chile [ 39 ]. In addition, the title and journals of publication are shown (Table 2 ).…”

“…Nine (75%) studies collected GCF samples with absorbent paper strips [ 30 – 35 , 37 – 39 ] and 3 (25%) studies reported GCF collection using volumetric microcapillary pipettes [ 28 , 29 , 36 ]. Among the 12 included studies, 4 (33.3%) used ELISA kits without brand specification [ 30 , 32 – 34 ], two (16.6%) used R&D Systems ELISA kit [ 36 , 39 ], two others (16.6%) used BioSource ELISA kit [ 37 , 38 ], others (8.3%) used RayBiotech [ 28 ], Diaclone [ 29 ], Bender Med Systems [ 31 ] and eBioscience [ 35 ]. Most of the studies (75%) analyzed cytokine IL-17 levels individually [ 28 – 30 , 32 , 34 , 36 – 39 ], whereas, 2 others (17%) analyzed IL-23 levels [ 33 , 35 ] and only one (8%) analyzed the IL-23/IL-17 axis together [ 31 ] (Table 3 ).…”

“…Nair et al, [ 28 ], Wankhede and Dhadse, [ 29 ], Nainee et al, [ 30 ], Kalate et al, [ 32 ], Althebeti et al, [ 33 ], Mitani et al, [ 34 ], Himani et al, [ 35], Nagireddy et al, [ 36 ], Shaker et al, [ 37 ] and Vernal et al, [ 39 ] showed in their investigations that the levels of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in GCF were increased and positively correlated with the progress and severity of periodontal disease (GI, PD, CAL). Therefore, scientific evidence suggests that this axis can potentially be considered as biomarkers of inflammation and destruction of periodontal tissues.…”