Estimation of Hydrothermally Deposited Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) Thin-Film

Abstract

The modifications in plasma parameters and heating power under conditions of pulsed poloidal current drive (PPCD) in Reversed Field eXperiment (RFX) are modelled by the one-dimensional transport code RITM (Radiation from Impurities in Transport Model). Several channels for the PPCD effects on plasma confinement are taken into account: dissipation of externally driven poloidal currents, reduction in the electric field induced by the dynamo and decrease in magnetic fluctuations. It is demonstrated that the external currents are dissipated at the plasma edge and they cannot, alone, lead to any change in the temperature profile. The reduction in the dynamo electric field results in central peaking of the current and Ohmic power densities, accompanied, however, by a very modest rise in the central temperature. By taking into account the decrease in the level of magnetic fluctuations (predicted for PPCD conditions by non-linear MHD simulations) and the corresponding reduction of transport in the stochastic magnetic field, RITM reproduces, in agreement with experiments, a significant increase in the central temperature and a reduction in the loop voltage.

Fabrication of Piezoelectric PZT Film Actuators on Thin Metal Plates Prepared by a Hydrothermal Method

“…These material salts were agitated in KOH aqueous solution as reactive solutions. Although the value is too small compared with that of bulk, the value is almost same that of a hydrothermal PZT film in previous other group work [13]. After the foils and the reactive solution are set in a sealed autoclave, the hydrothermal process was carried out at 140 ºC for 24 hours.…”

Vibration Velocity Limitation of Transducer Using Titanium-Based Hydrothermal Lead Zirconate Titanate Thick Film

“…9) We have already reported that, by using the hydrothermal deposition process for PZT, we can fabricate vibrators that have higher limitation of vibration velocity and higher linearity of the frequency response under high-intensity operation. 10,11) It is important to know how the limitation of the vibration velocity is. The static factors such as piezoelectric constants, d 31 , d 33 , and e 31 , were measured to evaluate the performance of the material in most of the cases for the evaluation of piezoelectric vibrators.…”

Self-separated hydrothermal lead zirconate titanate thick films for high frequency transducer applications

“…where T C = 425°C is the Curie temperature and T RT = 25°C is the room temperature; ␣ para PZT , ␣ ferro PZT , and ␣ Ti are CTEs for paraelectric PZT, ferroelectric PZT, and Ti, respectively. In addition, E = 1.3ϫ 10 10 N / m 2 is Young's modulus for hydrothermal PZT film 15 and v denotes Poisson's ratio and is reasonably assumed to be 0.2. At Curie temperature, ͑T͒ has its maximal value of 145.6 MPa, which is much more than the residual stress in PZT films without any cracks that is about 117.21 MPa.…”