Estimation of Hydrogen Attack Limit of 21/4Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-1Mo Steels

Sakai, T.

doi:10.2355/tetsutohagane1955.71.8_1017

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The measured values of density and radius of bubbles by the structural observation method on 2.25Cr-1 Mo steel have been reported. 1, [16][17][18] In the present results p s was 102N 103 times larger than that and r was about one tenth of them. The reason of these large differences is not clear, but as one cause, it is considered that there are differences in the nucleation mechanism of methane bubbles between the previous studies and the present work.…”

Section: Results Of Calculation Of Density and Radius Of Bubblescontrasting

confidence: 55%

New Method for Estimating of Radius and Density of Bubbles in Hydrogen Attacked Steel

Miyaji

Nakajima

1987

ISIJ Int.

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Density Synopsis Analytical equations to estimate the density and radius of bubbles formed during the incubation period of hydrogen attack in a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel were proposed, and the experiment to verify the validity of the equations was carried out. The hydrogen dif fusivity and the density change in the steel are correlated with the bubble density, ps and the bubble radius, r, as LAKE P~ =-4 z 72n4r3-P P d p-34r(_ P r= K B where, d p/p : the density change caused by bubbles dr: the thickness of shell around each bubble which acts as the trapping site of hydrogen atoms kB: the total volume of all shells LA: the mean intercept of prior austenite grains. The hydrogen diffusivity and the density change were measured for the quenched and tempered steel which was exposed to elevated temperatures in a high pressure hydrogen atmosphere. These measured values were substituted into the above equations to give values of p~ and r in good agreement with the structural observation.

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Section: Results Of Calculation Of Density and Radius Of Bubblescontrasting

confidence: 55%

New Method for Estimating of Radius and Density of Bubbles in Hydrogen Attacked Steel

Miyaji

Nakajima

1987

ISIJ Int.

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“…• Although as a general statement, it has been reported that higher impurity levels (and larger grains) make the grain boundaries more prone to HTHA cracking (Ref 68), the actual effect of impurities on HTHA resistance appears to be complicated and not completely/clearly determined.Rosenthal et al (Ref 100) reported that impurities such as P and S, which would segregate at grain boundaries, can have a retarding effect in grain-boundary fissuring by HTHA in carbon steel. They suspected that the retarding effect was due to the reduction of grain-boundary energy and reduction of grain-boundary diffusion.Sakai et al (Ref 88,94,101,102) investigated the effects of the impurity elements phosphorous, tin, arsenic and antimony on HTHA bubble formation and growth in Cr-Mo steels. They found that an addition of 0.016 wt.% Sn or 0.016 wt.% Sb increased the bubble density (by a factor of 2-3) in a 2.25Cr-1Mo steel, whereas an addition of 0.016 wt.% P or 0.017% As decreased the bubble density (by a factor of 0.5-0.75).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Examination of High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack—A Review of over a Century of Investigations

Poorhaydari

2021

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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In this review article, many aspects of high-temperature hydrogen attack of steel are examined in a practical, topic-based format similar to that of API RP 571. This article is a result of reviewing over 220 articles on the subject, published mostly between 1938 and 2020, while some of them were already review articles citing research going back to the late nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries. The paper not only examines the historical evolution of our understanding of the damage mechanism, but it also discusses the current state of knowledge and the fields that are still under development or improvement. Questions are raised on a few important interpretations/classifications, namely the inclusion of decarburization as a form of HTHA, the division of incubation period to detectable and non-detectable stages of attack by API RP 941 and the recent distinction of non-conventional or non-classical HTHA in the literature, which may need re-evaluation. At the end, the interactions between HTHA and some other (related) damage mechanisms are discussed briefly and a failure case study is presented and discussed with respect to the use of incubation curves for the effect of an upset condition.

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Field Surveys of Hydrogen Attack in 0.5Mo Steel Equipment and Subsequently Observed Metallurgical Effect

et al. 1999

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Estimation of Hydrogen Attack Limit of 21/4Cr-1Mo and 3Cr-1Mo Steels

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

New Method for Estimating of Radius and Density of Bubbles in Hydrogen Attacked Steel

New Method for Estimating of Radius and Density of Bubbles in Hydrogen Attacked Steel

A Comprehensive Examination of High-Temperature Hydrogen Attack—A Review of over a Century of Investigations

Field Surveys of Hydrogen Attack in 0.5Mo Steel Equipment and Subsequently Observed Metallurgical Effect

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