Estimation of Human Reaction Time Delay During Balancing on Balance Board

Molnar, Csenge A.; Zelei, Ambrus; Insperger, Tamás

doi:10.2316/p.2017.852-048

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The wheels are available with different radii (R = 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 200, 250 mm) and the elevation h of the board measured from the ground can be changed in steps of 25 mm in the case of each wheel. Preliminary measurements showed that changing the wheel radius R and/or the board elevation h has a great influence on the difficulty of the task: standing on the balance board is more challenging in the case of small wheel radius R and/or large board elevation h [32,33].…”

Section: Balance Boardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling balance board of adjustable geometry as a tool to assess balancing skill and to estimate reaction time delay

Molnar

Zelei²,

Insperger

2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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The relation between balancing performance and reaction time is investigated for human subjects balancing on rolling balance board of adjustable physical parameters: adjustable rolling radius R and adjustable board elevation h . A well-defined measure of balancing performance is whether a subject can or cannot balance on balance board with a given geometry ( R , h ). The balancing ability is linked to the stabilizability of the underlying two-degree-of-freedom mechanical model subject to a delayed proportional–derivative feedback control. Although different sensory perceptions involve different reaction times at different hierarchical feedback loops, their effect is modelled as a single lumped reaction time delay. Stabilizability is investigated in terms of the time delay in the mechanical model: if the delay is larger than a critical value (critical delay), then no stabilizing feedback control exists. Series of balancing trials by 15 human subjects show that it is more difficult to balance on balance board configuration associated with smaller critical delay, than on balance boards associated with larger critical delay. Experiments verify the feature of the mechanical model that a change in the rolling radius R results in larger change in the difficulty of the task than the same change in the board elevation h does. The rolling balance board characterized by the two well-defined parameters R and h can therefore be a useful device to assess human balancing skill and to estimate the corresponding lumped reaction time delay.

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Section: Balance Boardmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rolling balance board of adjustable geometry as a tool to assess balancing skill and to estimate reaction time delay

Molnar

Zelei²,

Insperger

2021

J. R. Soc. Interface.

Self Cite

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“…Preliminary studies showed [29,31], that the radius of the wheels has a great influence on the balancing performance: the smaller the radius, the more difficult standing on the board. Four different wheel radii were selected among the available sizes for the balancing trials, namely, 125, 100, 75 and 50 mm, while the elevation of the board from the ground was the same.…”

Section: Balance Boardmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the simplest balancing tasks associated with accidental falls is standing still. Standing still is more challenging on an unstable surface, for example on a pinned or rolling balance board [20][21][22][28][29][30][31]. Balancing abilities can be analyzed under different conditions when subjects are asked to stand on a balance board with adjustable geometry [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric Study of Changes in Human Balancing Skill by Repeated Balancing Trials on Rolling Balance Board

Molnar

Insperger

2020

Period. Polytech. Mech. Eng.

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Dynamic balance conditions were realized by asking eight volunteers to stand on uniaxial balance board with adjustable geometry and to carry out 60 s long balancing trials. Four different balance board geometry were used, each associated with different difficulty level. Balancing trials were repeated five times weekly (learning period) in order to test improvement of balancing skill. The measurement was repeated eight weeks after the learning period in order to check the persistence of the balancing skill (confirmation session). Oscillations of ankle angle and hip angle were monitored by OptiTrack motion capture system and four stabilometry parameters were used to characterize improvement in balancing performance, namely, Standard Deviation (STD), Largest Amplitude (LA), Normalized Path Length (NPL) and Mean Power Frequency (MPF). STD and NPL show similar tendency to the preliminary expectations, therefore they can be considered as good measures to describe balancing performance. Results show that subjects used ankle strategy for the less difficult balance board configurations, while for the more difficult tasks, hip strategy was also involved. Changes in STD and NPL during the learning period showed that the improvement and the persistence in balancing skill is more significant for more difficult balancing tasks.

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“…The nature and the characteristics of this feedback process is still a subject of debates. Investigation of different human balancing tasks, such as simple quiet standing [1][2][3][4][5] standing on pinned or rolling balance boards [6,7], stick balancing on the fingertip or on a Ping-Pong racket [8][9][10][11], may help in identifying and in understanding the underlying control mechanism. Experimental investigation of these balancing tasks requires motion capture system, e.g., IMU sensors fixed on the balanced object or a camera system, which records the spatial position of markers fixed on the balanced object.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Pixel-based Position Input and Direct Acceleration Input for Virtual Stick Balancing Tests

Kovács¹,

Insperger²

2020

Period. Polytech. Mech. Eng.

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A virtual stick balancing environment is developed using a computer mouse as input device. The development process is presented both on the hardware and software level. Two possible concepts are suggested to obtain the acceleration of the input device: discrete differentiation of the cursor position measured in pixels on the screen and by direct measurements via an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). The comparison of the inputs is carried out with test measurements using a crank mechanism. The measured signals are compared to the prescribed motion of the mechanism and it is shown that the IMU-based input signal fits better to the prescribed motion than the pixel-based input signal. The pixel-based input can also be applied after additional filtering, but this presents an extra computational delay in the feedback loop.

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Estimation of Human Reaction Time Delay During Balancing on Balance Board

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Rolling balance board of adjustable geometry as a tool to assess balancing skill and to estimate reaction time delay

Rolling balance board of adjustable geometry as a tool to assess balancing skill and to estimate reaction time delay

Parametric Study of Changes in Human Balancing Skill by Repeated Balancing Trials on Rolling Balance Board

Comparison of Pixel-based Position Input and Direct Acceleration Input for Virtual Stick Balancing Tests

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