Estimation of heat discharges by residential buildings in Tokyo

Dhakal, Shobhakar; Hanaki, Keisuke; Hiramatsu, Ai

doi:10.1016/s0196-8904(02)00145-0

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…We should also note that other building energy simulation tools (for e.g. DOE-2 [13,14], ESP-r [33], etc., and a comprehensive tool list is referred to: http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/tools_ directory/) can be employed to estimate the building energy consumption in specific regions.…”

Section: Building Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatiotemporal characteristics of anthropogenic heat in an urban environment: A case study of Tsinghua Campus

Nie

Sun

2014

Building and Environment

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Section: Building Energy Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several building energy models have been developed and applied in different cities to estimate AH (see e.g. DOE in Tokyo [13,14], eQUEST in the US [15], EnergyPlus in Taipei [16], eQUEST in Houston TX [17]). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal characteristics of anthropogenic heat in an urban environment: A case study of Tsinghua Campus

Nie

Sun

2014

Building and Environment

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“…Domestic and non‐domestic energy consumption patterns are different (e.g. Ichinose et al , 1999; Dhakal et al , 2003, 2004; Hamilton et al , 2009), so in future versions business districts within a city could be located and separate cycles applied. Diurnal cycles can differ between summer and winter, as noted by Sailor and Lu (2004) where morning and evening energy peaks occurred only in the winter when lighting was required, or between countries due to economic reasons, such as the higher energy use recorded in Toulouse in the evening when it was cheaper (Pigeon et al , 2007).…”

Section: Comparison Of Anthropogenic Heat In Urban Areas Across Lamentioning

confidence: 99%

Global to city scale urban anthropogenic heat flux: model and variability

Allen

Lindberg

Grimmond

2010

Intl Journal of Climatology

258

183

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ABSTRACT:The large scale urban consumption of energy (LUCY) model simulates all components of anthropogenic heat flux (Q F ) from the global to individual city scale at 2.5 × 2.5 arc-minute resolution. This includes a database of different working patterns and public holidays, vehicle use and energy consumption in each country. The databases can be edited to include specific diurnal and seasonal vehicle and energy consumption patterns, local holidays and flows of people within a city. If better information about individual cities is available within this (open-source) database, then the accuracy of this model can only improve, to provide the community data from global-scale climate modelling or the individual city scale in the future. The results show that Q F varied widely through the year, through the day, between countries and urban areas. An assessment of the heat emissions estimated revealed that they are reasonably close to those produced by a global model and a number of small-scale city models, so results from LUCY can be used with a degree of confidence. From LUCY, the global mean urban Q F has a diurnal range of 0.7-3.6 W m −2 , and is greater on weekdays than weekends. The heat release from building is the largest contributor (89-96%), to heat emissions globally. Differences between months are greatest in the middle of the day (up to 1 W m −2 at 1 pm). December to February, the coldest months in the Northern Hemisphere, have the highest heat emissions. July and August are at the higher end. The least Q F is emitted in May. The highest individual grid cell heat fluxes in urban areas were located in

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“…Methods that assume energy consumption is the same as heat release can have large errors in the timing of emissions which are not easily corrected (Sailor, 2011). Despite this, inventory methods are still common as they are easy to apply to widespread areas, and the difficulty in acquiring the data to estimate building heat release (Sailor, 2011, Dhakal et al, 2003.…”

Section: Approach and Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large seasonal and diurnal anthropogenic heat flux across four Australian cities

Chapman¹,

Watson²,

McAlpine³

2016

JSHESS

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Anthropogenic heat release is a key component of the urban heat island. However, it is often excluded from studies of the urban heat island because reliable estimates are not available. This omission is important because anthropogenic heat can contribute up to 4ºC to the urban heat island, and increases heat stress to urban residents. The exclusion of anthropogenic heat means the urban heat island effect on temperatures may be under-estimated. Here we estimate anthropogenic heat for four Australian capital cities (Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide) to inform the management of the urban heat island in a changing climate. Anthropogenic heat release was calculated using 2011 population census data and an inventory of hourly traffic volume, building electricity and gas use. Melbourne had the highest annual daily average anthropogenic heat emissions, which reached 376 W/m 2 in the city centre during the daytime, while Brisbane's emissions were 261 W/m 2 and Sydney's were 256 W/m 2 . Adelaide had the lowest emissions, with a daily average of 39 W/m 2 in the city centre. Emissions varied within and among the four cities and decreased rapidly with distance from the city centre, to < 5 W/m 2 at 20 km from the city in Brisbane, and 15 km in Adelaide. The highest emissions were found in the city centres during working hours. The peak emissions reached in the centre of Melbourne are similar to the peak emissions in London and Tokyo, where anthropogenic heat is a large component of the urban heat island. This indicates that anthropogenic heat could be an important contributor to the urban heat island in Australian capital cities, and needs to be considered in climate adaptation studies. This is an important problem because climate change, combined with an ageing population and urban growth, could double the deaths from heatwaves in Australian cities over the next 40 years.

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Estimation of heat discharges by residential buildings in Tokyo

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Spatiotemporal characteristics of anthropogenic heat in an urban environment: A case study of Tsinghua Campus

Spatiotemporal characteristics of anthropogenic heat in an urban environment: A case study of Tsinghua Campus

Global to city scale urban anthropogenic heat flux: model and variability

Large seasonal and diurnal anthropogenic heat flux across four Australian cities

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