Estimation of health risk and economic loss attributable to PM2.5 and O3 pollution in Jilin Province, China

Abstract

Ambient pollutants, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), pose significant risks to both public health and economic development. In recent years, PM2.5 concentration in China has decreased significantly, whereas that of O3 has increased rapidly, leading to considerable health risks. In this study, a generalized additive model was employed to establish the relationship of PM2.5 and O3 exposure with non-accidental mortality across 17 districts and counties in Jilin Province, China, over 2015–2016. The health burden and economic losses attributable to PM2.5 and O3 were assessed using high-resolution satellite and population data. According to the results, per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and O3 concentrations related to an overall relative risk (95% confidence interval) of 1.004 (1.001–1.007) and 1.009 (1.005–1.012), respectively. In general, the spatial distribution of mortality and economic losses was uneven. Throughout the study period, a total of 23,051.274 mortalities and 27,825.015 million Chinese Yuan (CNY) in economic losses were attributed to O3 exposure, which considerably surpassing the 5,450.716 mortalities and 6,553,780 million CNY in economic losses attributed to PM2.5 exposure. The O3-related health risks and economic losses increased by 3.75% and 9.3% from 2015 to 2016, while those linked to PM2.5 decreased by 23.33% and 18.7%. Sensitivity analysis results indicated that changes in pollutant concentrations were the major factors affecting mortality rather than baseline mortality and population.

Self-Sustainability for green energy in megacities: A case Study of Shanghai towards Net-Zero Goal

“…This pattern is reflected across many Chinese cities, with the nation bearing a staggering toll from pollution-related illnesses, ecosystem degradation, and economic losses amounting to billions annually. At the national level, in 2015, Sun et al reported that in China, particulate matter affected an average of 15.03 million people per year, accounting for an economic loss of 1.71% of China's GDP [41]. Achieving renewable energy self-sustainability is not merely an ambitious goal but an imperative to safeguard the well-being of current and future generations from the far-reaching consequences of unchecked emissions.…”