Estimation of groundwater contamination using fuzzy logic: A case study of Haridwar, India

Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality in Menzel Habib Aquifer System – A Combined Geochemical and Fuzzy Logic Approaches

“…However, the different environmental uncertainties are not statistical and enforce the possibility of probability (Harris 2000). These uncertainties could be minimized using fuzzy logic (Shwetank et al 2019). Fuzzy Logic was firstly introduced by Zadeh (1965) as a tool to consider uncertainties in measured quantities or to deal with reasoning, which is imprecise rather than exact (Baghel and Sharma 2013).…”

“…The degree of membership, corresponding to a value attributed to each element, indicates the membership score of the elements (Shwetank et al 2019). So, this methodology confers a very appreciable flexibility and will be possible to consider inaccuracies and uncertainties.…”

“…This process will allow to model the system inputs as a curve function -membership functions (MFs) -and to delimit the fuzzy sets, which could have different shapes (e.g., triangular, trapezoidal) (Bouchon-Meunier 1995). Trapezoidal MFs were adopted as in other several studies (e.g., Jaiswal and Ballal 2020;Kosko, 1993;Shwetank et al 2019), and could be written according to the equation:…”

“…In addition to this, FL serves as an effective tool for conveying the results to the public and beneficiaries in a much understandable linguistic format (Li et al 2018). Nowadays, FL is extensively applied to groundwater quality assessment for different purposes and adequate management, usually combined with GIS and geostatiscal tools (e.g., Jha et al 2020;Ostovari et al 2014;Pathak and Bhandary 2020;Shwetank et al 2019).…”

Groundwater quality for irrigation in an arid region—application of fuzzy logic techniques

“…Moreover, several previous research works have applied and verified the importance of fuzzy logic techniques to converge an ambiguous decision into a state of acceptance (Cho and Lee 2020). Fuzzy logic has ability to convert vagueness, uncertainty, and variability to a mathematical structure and is widely used in groundwater quality evaluation, usually combined with geostatistical tools and GIS approaches (e.g., Ostovari et al 2014;Khashei-Siuki and Sarbazi 2015;Li et al 2018;Jafari and Nikoo 2019;Shwetank and Chaudhary 2019;Jha et al 2020;Pathak and Bhandary 2020). FL is, then, considered as an important tool to convey the results to the beneficiaries in a more understandable and reliable linguistic format (Raman et al 2009;Alavi et al 2010;Agoubi et al 2016;Vadiati et al 2016;Shwetank and Chaudhary 2019;Ahmad et al 2020).…”