Estimation of ground motion during the 18th September 2011 Sikkim Earthquake

Abstract

This article simulates the ground motion during the devastating 18th September 2011 Sikkim earthquake by analytical approaches. Surface level peak ground acceleration (PGA) values at several stations in the epicentral region have been estimated by the finite fault seismological model. A PGA contour map in the epicentral region is provided. It is found that very near to the epicentre, PGA would have reached more than 0.3g. The SPECFEM3D_GLOBE package which models the complete three-dimensional wave velocity structure and topography is used to simulate the displacement time histories on a global scale. A contour map of peak ground displacement (PGD) and permanent ground residual displacements (PGRD) in the near source region is provided. The estimated ground motions are validated with that obtained from damage values.

Earthquake Induced Landslides in Lake Éternité, Québec, Canada

“…Three other factors must be taken into account: the source location, its depth and the direction of the source. As for the source directivity, Raghukanth et al (2012), in their regional study of landslides associated with the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake near the border of Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim, found correlations between the simulated ground motion obtained with simulations made with SPECFEM3D and landslide locations. Furthermore, they showed a correlation between the displacement and the directivity effect due to the fault orientation and rupture direction at specific sites.…”

Submarine Mass Movements and their Consequences

“…As for the source directivity, Raghukanth et al (2012), in their regional study of landslides associated with the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake near the border of Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim, found correlations between the simulated ground motion obtained with simulations made with SPECFEM3D and landslide locations. As for the source directivity, Raghukanth et al (2012), in their regional study of landslides associated with the 2011 Sikkim Earthquake near the border of Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim, found correlations between the simulated ground motion obtained with simulations made with SPECFEM3D and landslide locations.…”

Ground motion estimation during 25th April 2015 Nepal earthquake

“…The theory and application of stochastic finite fault models for estimating ground motion has been discussed in detail by Boore (2009). Raghukanth and Somala (2009), NDMA (2011) and Raghukanth et al (2012), have discussed the application of this model for estimating ground motion in the Himalayan region of India in detail. A brief description of this method is given as follows.…”

“…Due to unavailability of ground motion array data, analytical approaches can be used to obtain the ground motion time histories. These models have been successfully used in estimating the ground motion of past earthquakes (Boore 2009;Raghukanth et al 2012). The input parameters required, such as regional velocity profile, quality factor and ground attenuation for the Himalayan region are available in the literature (Yu et al 1995;Singh et al 2004).…”