Estimation of geostrophic current in the Red Sea based on
Sea level anomalies derived from extended satellite altimetry
data

Taqi, Ahmed Mohammed; Al-Subhia, Abdullah Mohammed; Alsaafani, Mohammed A.

doi:10.5194/os-2018-47

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Despite the uncertainty of z 0 , Eqs. (10)- (12) are still used in oceanography such as (z 0 = −1000 m) 15 and (z 0 = −500 m) 16 . Table 1.…”

Section: A Complete Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Complete Formula of Ocean Surface Absolute Geostrophic Current

Chu

2020

Sci Rep

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A complete formula of ocean Surface Absolute Geostrophic current peter c. chu Absolute geostrophic current at the ocean surface (S) contains three components: (1) absolute geostrophic current at the geoid undulation (N), (2) geostrophic shear (between S and N) due to horizontal gradient of dynamic ocean topography, and (3) geostrophic shear (between S and N) due to horizontal gradient of density. However, only the second component is used to represent the surface absolute geostrophic current in physical oceanography and satellite geodesy. four public datasets are used to calculate each component. Evident difference between the surface absolute geostrophic current and the second component (i.e., geostrophic shear due to horizontal gradient of dynamic ocean topography) was found by the statistical characteristics with the relative root mean square difference of 0.605. It shows that the common practice in physical oceanography and satellite geodesy is not correct. the horizontal gradient of dynamic ocean topography alone cannot be claimed as the surface absolute geostrophic current. Ocean surface absolute geostrophic current (AGC) is the linkage between oceanography and satellite geodesy through dynamic ocean topography D, which is the sea surface height (S) (waves and tides filtered out) relative to the geoid undulation (N), D = S − N. Before satellites coming into practice, the two disciplines (oceanography and geodesy) were almost no connection. The gravity measurements over the ocean were very sparse. The marine geoid undulation N would coincide with the average level of sea surface height if the water were at rest. With such a theoretical hypothesis (no motion at N), it is a common practice in oceanography that the horizontal gradient of S relative to the level of no motion (to be considered as D) represents the AGC at S. At that time, the geodetic community did not use the surface AGC. After satellites coming into practice, S is measured by satellite altimetry (relative to ellipsoid) 1,2 ; N (also relative to ellipsoid) is determined by gravity models with satellite measurements, such as Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) 3 , Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) 4 , and combined GOCE-GRACE 5. The mean dynamic ocean topography (MDOT) is obtained through subtracting N from mean S. The MDOT calculated from satellite measurements is different from the classical conception (no motion at N) 6. Now, the two communities have common interest on MDOT through the surface AGC. The oceanographic community uses the satellite determined MDOT to get mean general ocean circulation, i.e., surface AGC. The geodetic community uses the surface AGC to verify the static gravity models. Questions arise: Is water at rest at the given N in the oceans? Does horizontal gradient of MDOT represent the mean surface AGC? To answer these questions, a complete formula of ocean surface AGC is presented on the base of geostrophic and hydrostatic balances. It contains three parts: (1) AGC at N, (2) geostro...

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“…Despite the uncertainty of z 0 , Eqs. (10)- (12) are still used in oceanography such as (z 0 = −1000 m) 15 and (z 0 = −500 m) 16 . Table 1.…”

Section: A Complete Formulamentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Complete Formula of Ocean Surface Absolute Geostrophic Current

Chu

2020

Sci Rep

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“…We performed 1,000 Monte Carlo simulations each for both summer (June-August) and winter (December-February), varying time of day and date. Seasons were chosen on the basis of known current patterns in the Red Sea 49 . We restricted simulations to three-week timelines due to predictability limits inherent to oil-spill modelling and uncertainty in clean-up efforts 50 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill

et al. 2021

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The possibility of a massive oil spill in the Red Sea is increasingly likely. The Safer, a deteriorating oil tanker containing 1.1 million barrels of oil, has been deserted near the coast of Yemen since 2015 and threatens environmental catastrophe to a country presently in a humanitarian crisis. Here, we model the immediate public health impacts of a simulated spill. We estimate that all of Yemen’s imported fuel through its key Red Sea ports would be disrupted and that the anticipated spill could disrupt clean-water supply equivalent to the daily use of 9.0–9.9 million people, food supply for 5.7–8.4 million people and 93–100% of Yemen’s Red Sea fisheries. We also estimate an increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization from pollution ranging from 5.8 to 42.0% over the duration of the spill. The spill and its potentially disastrous impacts remain entirely preventable through offloading the oil. Our results stress the need for urgent action to avert this looming disaster.

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“…Seasons were chosen based on known current patterns in the Red Sea. 47 We restricted simulations to three-week timelines due to predictability limits inherent to oil spill modeling and uncertainty in clean-up efforts. 48 Each simulation had 1,000 particles representing the oil trajectory based on historical weather conditions.…”

Section: Oil Spill Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill

Huynh

Kwong²,

Kiang

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Estimation of geostrophic current in the Red Sea based on Sea level anomalies derived from extended satellite altimetry data

Abstract: 9The geostrophic currents data near the coast of the Red Sea has a large gap. Due 10 to that, the sea level anomaly (SLA) data of Jason-2 has been reprocessed and

Cited by 3 publications

References 26 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Complete Formula of Ocean Surface Absolute Geostrophic Current

RETRACTED ARTICLE: A Complete Formula of Ocean Surface Absolute Geostrophic Current

Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill

Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill

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