Estimation of genetic parameters for resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes in pure blood Arabian horses

Kornaś, Sławomir; Sallé, Guillaume; Skalska, M.; David, Ingrid; Cabaret, Jacques

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2014.11.003

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The most interesting findings brought forward by this work were obtained during the natural strongyle infection, from day 43 to 132 of the experiment (Figure 6A). Congruent with our initial hypothesis, the observed FEC matched the predicted resistance levels throughout the trial, hence supporting the high reproducibility of FEC (Debeffe et al, 2016; Scheuerle et al, 2016) and the feasibility to select for more resistant individuals (Kornaś et al, 2015). Observed FEC were associated with differing immune responses characterized by higher eosinophil and monocyte counts in R ponies and increased levels of circulating lymphocytes in S ponies during the infection, suggesting a direct functional relationship between parasite infection and immune response (Howitt et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…While alternative control strategies are needed for a more sustainable control of horse strongyle infection, the factors contributing to the over-dispersed distribution of these parasites in their hosts remain poorly characterized (Debeffe et al, 2016; Kornaś et al, 2015; Wood et al, 2012). In their preferred niche, strongyles are surrounded by gut microbiota and reciprocal interactions between them are expected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the possible approaches is to exploit the over dispersion of strongyle infection in a herd to treat the only highly infected horses (Lester and Matthews, 2014). Indeed, it has been estimated that 80% of the total worm burden is produced by 20% of horses (Wood et al, 2012) and that 21% of the inter-individual variation had a heritable component (Kornaś et al, 2015). However, the factors underpinning this phenotypic contrast (Lester et al, 2013; Sallé et al, 2015) still remain unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic signature of natural strongyle infection in susceptible and resistant horses

Clark

Sallé

Ballan

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Gastrointestinal strongyles are a major threat to horses' health and welfare. Given that strongyles inhabit the same niche as the gut microbiota, they may interact with each other. These beneficial or detrimental interactions are unknown in horses and could partly explain contrasted susceptibility to infection between individuals. To address these questions, an experimental pasture trial with 20 worm-free female Welsh ponies (10 susceptible (S) and 10 resistant (R) to parasite infection) was implemented for five months. Fecal egg counts (FEC), hematological and biochemical data, body weight and gut microbiota composition were studied in each individual after 0, 24, 43, 92 and 132 grazing days.The predicted R ponies exhibited lower FEC after 92 and 132 grazing days, and showed higher levels of circulating monocytes and eosinophils, while S ponies developed lymphocytosis by the end of the trial. Although the overall microbiota diversity remained similar between the two groups, R and S ponies exhibited sustained differential abundances in Clostridium XIVa, Ruminococcus, Acetivibrio and unclassified Lachnospiracea at day 0. These bacteria may hence contribute to the intrinsic pony resistance towards strongyle infection. Moreover, Paludibacter, Campylobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium III, Acetivibrio, members of the unclassified Eubacteriaceae and Ruminococcaceae and fungi loads were increased in infected S ponies, suggesting that strongyle and fungi may contribute to each other’s success in the ecological niche of the equine intestines. In contrast, butyrate-producing bacteria such as Ruminococcus, Clostridium XIVa and members of the Lachnospiraceae family decreased in S relative to R ponies. Additionally, these gut microbiota alterations induced changes in several immunological pathways in S ponies, including pathogen sensing, lipid metabolism, and activation of signal transduction that are critical for the regulation of immune system and energy homeostasis. These observations shed light on a putative implication of the gut microbiota in the intrinsic resistance to strongyle infection.Overall, this longitudinal study provides a foundation to better understand the mechanisms that underpin the relationship between host susceptibility to strongyle infection, immune response and gut microbiota under natural conditions in horses and should contribute to the development of novel biomarkers of strongyle susceptibility and provide additional control options.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metagenomic signature of natural strongyle infection in susceptible and resistant horses

Clark

Sallé

Ballan

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Host sex is a significant driver of parasite community, males being generally more heavily infected than females (Poulin, 1996). This pattern does not always hold (Grzybek et al, 2015), especially in horses where definitive consensus has not been reached yet (Kornaś et al, 2010; Kornaś et al, 2015; Debeffe et al, 2016). Our results suggested that horse sex did not exerted a conserved influence on worm relative abundance across species, but that mares had more consistent strongyle communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study of faecal egg count in a feral horse population also reported a blurred pattern between the two sexes as the polarity of the sex effect was spatially contrasted (Debeffe et al, 2016). Other studies reported higher faecal egg count in geldings or could not evidence any difference (Kornaś et al, 2010; Kornaś et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Equine strongyle communities are constrained by horse sex and species dipersal-fecundity trade-off

Sallé

Kornaś

Basiaga

2017

Preprint

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Equine strongyles are a major health issue. Large strongyles can cause death of horses while cyathostomins (small strongyles) have shown increased resistance to anthelmintics worldwide. Description of strongyle communities have accumulated but little is known about the diversity of these communities and underpinning environmental factors.This study analysed the diversity of strongyle communities in 48 horses from Poland. Strongyle species fell into two groups, contrasted by their prevalence and relative abundance. Seven horses were necessary to sample at least 90% of strongyle community diversity, providing a minimal cut-off to implement sampling trial in the field. Strongyle communities entertained a network of mostly positive interactions and species co-occurrence was found more often than expected by chance. In addition, species fecundity and prevalence were negatively correlated r=-0.78), suggesting functional trade-offs between species dispersal abilities and fecundity. This functional trade-off may underpin species coexistence. Horse sex was also a significant constraint shaping strongyle communities. Indeed, mares generally displayed more similar strongyle communities than stallions (p=0.004) and Cylicostephanus calicatus was more abundant in stallions suggesting sex-specific interactions (p=0.02). While niche partitioning is likely to explain some of the positive interactions between equine strongyle species, coexistence may also result from a functional trade-off between dispersal ability and fecundity. There is significant evidence that horse sex drives strongylid community structure, which may require differential control strategies between mares and stallions.

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Host Factors Affecting Parasite Transmission

2018

Handbook of Equine Parasite Control

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Estimation of genetic parameters for resistance to gastro-intestinal nematodes in pure blood Arabian horses

Cited by 22 publications

References 35 publications

Metagenomic signature of natural strongyle infection in susceptible and resistant horses

Metagenomic signature of natural strongyle infection in susceptible and resistant horses

Equine strongyle communities are constrained by horse sex and species dipersal-fecundity trade-off

Host Factors Affecting Parasite Transmission

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