Estimation of genetic parameters and heterosis through line × tester crosses of national sorghum varieties and local Indonesian cultivars

Abstract

Abstract. Rachman F, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Wirnas D, Reflinur. 2022. Estimation of genetic parameters and heterosis through line × tester crosses of national sorghum varieties and local Indonesian cultivars. Biodiversitas 23: 1588-1597. Diverse gene sources possessed by local sorghum cultivars are potentially useful for superior varieties development. This study aimed to determine the genetic parameters and heterosis of sorghum lines derived from national varieties and local cultivars crosses. A total of eight F1 hybrids derived from line × tester mating design with four lines (PI-150-20A, Soraya 3 IPB, Kawali, Bioguma 1 Agritan) and two testers (Pulut 3 and Pulut 5) were used in the present study. This experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Results showed that several agronomical important traits, such as plant height, leaf number, days to flowering, days to harvesting, panicle length, panicle diameter, and 1000-grain weight were significantly affected by additive gene action, while others by non-additive gene action. Based on field observation, three out of six parental lines showed the best performance of grain yields traits. Of these, Soraya 3 IPB × Pulut 5 and Bioguma 1 Agritan × Pulut 5 crosses were the best cross combination showing high values for both combining ability and heterosis parameters. These findings would help breeders to determine the selection methods for desirable traits and cross combinations to develop a new variety with high yield performance.

Combining abilities and genetic parameters for grain yield and some agronomic traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

“…The GCA variances were higher than SCA variances for all studied traits except for ED trait, indicating that additive genetic variance played the major role than nonadditive genetic variance in the inheritance of these traits. Similar results were reported by Tessema et al [36], Mosa [20], Mousa et al [23] and Rachman et al [26]. Furthermore, the SCA × Loc interaction was higher than GCA × Loc for all studied traits except DTS, El, KR-1 and GY ard fed −1 , indicating that additive gene action was more stable than non-additive gene action under different environmental conditions for these traits.…”

Genetic diversity and gain quantitative characters of maize from index-based selection at two dry lands in Lombok, Indonesia

“…The genetic diversity of harvested dry cob weight per plant was the same between the two locations, and both were relatively narrow. Narrow genetic diversity indicates that subsequent selection for this trait will not be effective (Rachman et al 2022). Azrai et al (2016) reported the same result that the genetic diversity of harvest cob weight was narrow with a genetic diversity value of 0.11 and a CGD value of 7.751%.…”

“…The magnitude of the genetic diversity of a location is a consideration for the place to be selected (Lubis et al 2014). Selection is more successful if the genetic variety of the selected population is wider (Admire et al 2018;Rachman et al 2022). The genetic diversity of harvested dry cob weight per plant was the same between the two locations, and both were relatively narrow.…”

“…The difference in genetic diversity of fresh stover indicates that each selected population has a different genetic response between the two locations (Freeman et al 2019). The existence of a wider genetic diversity allows a greater genetic gain (Rachman et al 2022).…”

“…The success of the selection is highly dependent on genetic diversity, heritability (Dar et al 2015;Admire et al 2018;Sadimantara et al 2021;Rachman et al 2022;Yali 2022), effectiveness of selection procedures and the environment (Azrai et al 2016;Aci et al 2018). The category of genetic diversity can be seen from the value of the coefficient of genetic diversity since this value measures the magnitude of the genetic variation of a trait (Lubis et al 2014;Dar et al 2015).…”