Estimation of Gene Actionfor the Selection of Superior Parents and Their Cross Combinationsfor Yield and Fiber Associated Attributes in American Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.)

Abstract

Cotton is very important crop regarding the global trade. It is grown for its fiber and edible oil in Pakistan. It contributes 1.5 percent to GDP and 69 percent in foreign exchange. There is need to enhance the yield per unit area of cotton by developing high yielding and stress tolerant varieties. In breeding program the parents and their crosses are selected on the basis of their combining ability. Combining ability analysis is performed to identify the general and specific combiner for yield attributed traits. This research was performed for evaluation of four lines as female parents (C-1, CIM-616, TIPO-1 and CYTO-608) and three testers as male parents (NIAB-1048, CYTO-124 and CIM-600) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The traits such as plant height, first fruiting node, seed cotton yield, monopodial branches, sympodial branches, ginning out turn percentage, number of bolls per plant, height to node ratio and cotton seed yield was tested. The general combining ability of parental lines and specific combining ability of the F1 cross will be determined for yield related traits. The genotypes with good general combining ability and specific combining ability further exploited for hybrid/variety development programs. For most of the traits like number of monopods per plant, boll weight per plant, seed cotton yield, number of nodes per plant, 1st fruiting node, intermodal distance, ginning out turn percentage, cotton seed yield, seed index, plant height, fiber strength, fiber length, fiber uniformity and fiber fineness value had more value for dominance variance. The higher effects of GCA and SCA indicated that there is the role of additive and non-additive gene action for inheritance of traits.

Evaluating Combining Abilities and Heterotic Effects for Enhanced Cotton Yield

“…Significant differences in the results indicated the genetic variation in the breeding material for yield and its related attributes. Similar results were also observed by (Fatima et al, 2022;Rehman et al, 2017;Imtiaz et al, 2022). So, these entries can be used for advance breeding programs.…”

“…Combining ability analysis showed that mostly nonadditive type of gene action was governing in almost all characteristics (Fatima et al, 2022;Riaz et al, 2023). The GCA effects were significant in all traits except the monopodial branches.…”

“…It provides an efficient and organized method for identifying suitable parental genotypes and hybrid combinations, which ultimately facilitates selecting genotypes of interest to the farmer (Fatima et al, 2022). Knowledge linked to different forms of gene action, heterotic effects and estimation of combining ability can aid in shaping the genetic constitution of cotton crop (Ali et al, 2013;Ali et al, 2014;Abbas et al, 2015;Abbas et al, 2016;Zafar et al, 2022;Babar et al, 2023).…”

“…Extent and direction of heterotic effects is of prime importance for identifying a potential hybrid combination (Khalid & Amjad, 2018;Zaghum et al, 2021). So, the potential of a genotype to generate enhanced offspring, which is combining ability, along with heterosis can be valuable in shaping the effectiveness of breeding program for evaluating superior genotypes (Fatima et al, 2022).…”

The Dawn of Al in Agriculture: From Predictive Analysis to Autonomous Farming

“…In conclusion, the dawn of AI in agriculture marks an exciting era of innovation and progress. This review paper aims to explore the transformative potential of AI in agriculture, from its historical roots in predictive analysis to its current applications in precision farming and autonomous operations (Bhutta et al, 2023;Chaudhry et al, 2022;Fatima, Saeed, Ullah, et al, 2022). By analyzing the challenges and opportunities presented by Agricultural AI, this paper seeks to provide valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and stakeholders working towards a sustainable and technologically advanced future in agriculture.…”