Estimation of fluoride concentration in drinking water and common beverages in United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Abstract

The tap water, bottled water and beverages available in U.A.E show varying concentrations of fluoride, however none showed the optimal level necessary to prevent dental caries. Dental professionals in U.A.E should be aware of the fluoride concentrations before prescribing fluoride supplements to children.

Levels of fluoride in bottled soft drinks marketed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

“…The comparison of the fluoride concentration in the glass-bottled soft drinks of this study with the literature values is given in Table 4. The fluoride concentrations of Coca Cola reported in United Arab Emirates [30], China [29], Brazil [37], Mexico [10], UK [38], Sri Lanka [39] and India [40] are 0.08, 0.243, 0.092, 0.34, 0.26, 0.122 and 0.32 mg/L, respectively, are higher than the fluoride concentration of glass-bottled Coca Cola of the present study.…”

“…The fluoride concentrations of Pepsi reported in United Arab Emirates [30], China [29], India [6], Sri Lanka [39] and India [40] are 0.09, 0.126, 0.22, 0.142, 0.21 mg/L, respectively and are lower than 0.23 mg/L fluoride concentration in the glass-bottled Pepsi of the present study. The fluoride concentration of Mirinda reported in India [6,40] is higher than that of the glass-bottled Mirinda of present study and the fluoride concentration of Mirinda reported in United Arab Emirates [30] and Sri Lanka [39] is lower than that of the present study.…”

“…The fluoride concentrations of Pepsi reported in United Arab Emirates [30], China [29], India [6], Sri Lanka [39] and India [40] are 0.09, 0.126, 0.22, 0.142, 0.21 mg/L, respectively and are lower than 0.23 mg/L fluoride concentration in the glass-bottled Pepsi of the present study. The fluoride concentration of Mirinda reported in India [6,40] is higher than that of the glass-bottled Mirinda of present study and the fluoride concentration of Mirinda reported in United Arab Emirates [30] and Sri Lanka [39] is lower than that of the present study. Also the fluoride concentration of Fanta reported in India (0.33 mg/L) [6] and (0.30 mg/L) [40] and in Sri Lanka (0.109 mg/L) [39] and fluoride concentration in reported in Sprite in India (0.29 mg/L) [6] and (0.26 mg/L) [40] and in Sri Lanka (0.098 mg/L) are higher than that of the glass-bottled Fanta and Sprite of the present study.…”

“…Food sources contain various concentrations of fluoride and are the largest contributor to fluoride exposure [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Soft drinks contribute the fluoride intake by the people who regularly consume Coca Cola, Pepsi, Mirinda, Fanta and Sprite [6,29,30]. However, there is no any study conducted to determine the fluoride content of industrially produced carbonated soft drinks widely consumed in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.…”

Fluoride Content of Still Bottled Water Brands Available in Enugu, Nigeria

“…Higher fluoride content of up to 4.14 mg F/L (MOHAMED, 2016) and 4.8 mg/L (AHIROPOULOS, 2006) have been reported in bottled water. In other studies, also lower fluoride levels in bottled water have been determined: 0.04 -0.3 mg F/L (TARUN et al, 2017) and 0.1 -0.8 mg F/L (TOUMBA et al, 1994). The value of 2.25 mg F/L of Swan water is higher than 0.14 -0.41 mg F/L reported for spring water in Kerang province, Plateau State ((DIBAL and LAR, 2005).…”