Estimation of flash flood using surface water model and GIS technique in Wadi El Azariq, East Sinai, Egypt

Osta, Maged El; Sabri, Mohamed; Masoud, Milad

doi:10.5194/nhess-2016-311

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Table 5 shows the curve numbers corresponding to the Land Use Land Cover and hydrological group of the soil. It was created based on the tables developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), with the help of some studies such as [64,65]. Source: [28,65,66].…”

Section: Land Cover Classification and Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrological Modeling and Evaluation of the Efficiency of Culverts in Drainage Basins Affecting the North Railway in Wadi Malham

Alqreai,

Altuwaijri

2023

Sustainability

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The North Railway is one of the longest railway lines in the world, extending for 2750 km from the Riyadh region to Al-Jawf Province through many diverse topographies, including valleys where direct runoff is generated that cross the existing hydraulic protection installations on the railtrack. Direct runoff flows in quantities that exceed the capacity of existing drainage installations and cause several types of damage, owing to the nature of the drainage basins and the impact of changing natural factors and human errors. To ensure the safety of the design of hydraulic drainage installations, this indicates the need for hydrological studies of drainage basins, especially those that include important strategic facilities such as railway lines. In this study, the hydrological modeling of four subdrainage basins (No. 6, 7, 13, and 14) within Wadi Malham was applied and evaluated to determine if the drainage installations can accommodate the direct peak runoff flow. According to the results, the peak flows of 8.9 m3/s for basin No. 7 and 18.2 m3/s for basin No. 13 indicate that they are unable to handle the direct peak runoff flow from the designed storm for a return period of 100 years. The other two basins are able to pass through the peak flow. Based on the findings of this study, we recommend adding an opening for culvert C0400 in basin No. 7 and adding two openings for C0244 in basin No. 13 to accommodate the peak flow.

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Section: Land Cover Classification and Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was created based on the tables developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), with the help of some studies such as [64,65]. Source: [28,65,66].…”

Section: Land Cover Classification and Usesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Modeling and Evaluation of the Efficiency of Culverts in Drainage Basins Affecting the North Railway in Wadi Malham

Alqreai,

Altuwaijri

2023

Sustainability

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“…Note that airborne LiDAR-based DEMs are only available over a small percentage of the Earth's landmass, due to their high cost. Therefore, for many studies-particularly for flood monitoring and flood hazard zoning-researchers have used the freely available remote sensing-based DEMs with global coverage (e.g., Reference [61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]). However, most of these researchers did not investigate the nature of the DEM used (i.e., either a DSM or a DTM) and errors that could profoundly affect their developed models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pixel-Based Geometric Assessment of Channel Networks/Orders Derived from Global Spaceborne Digital Elevation Models

et al. 2019

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Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) contribute to geomorphological and hydrological applications. DEMs can be derived using different remote sensing-based datasets, such as Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) (e.g., Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEMs). In addition, there is also the Digital Surface Model (DSM) derived from optical tri-stereo ALOS Panchromatic Remote-sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM) imagery. In this study, we evaluated satellite-based DEMs, SRTM (Global) GL1 DEM V003 28.5 m, ALOS DSM 28.5 m, and PALSAR DEMs 12.5 m and 28.5 m, and their derived channel networks/orders. We carried out these assessments using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Digital Surface Models (DSMs) and Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and their derived channel networks and Strahler orders as reference datasets at comparable spatial resolutions. We introduced a pixel-based method for the quantitative horizontal evaluation of the channel networks and Strahler orders derived from global DEMs utilizing confusion matrices at different flow accumulation area thresholds (ATs) and pixel buffer tolerance values (PBTVs) in both ±X and ±Y directions. A new Python toolbox for ArcGIS was developed to automate the introduced method. A set of evaluation metrics—(i) producer accuracy (PA), (ii) user accuracy (UA), (iii) F-score (F), and (iv) Cohen’s kappa index (KI)—were computed to evaluate the accuracy of the horizontal matching between channel networks/orders extracted from global DEMs and those derived from LiDAR DTMs and DSMs. PALSAR DEM 12.5 m ranked first among the other global DEMs with the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and mean difference (MD) values of 4.57 m and 0.78 m, respectively, when compared to the LiDAR DTM 12.5 m. The ALOS DSM 28.5 m had the highest vertical accuracy with the lowest recorded RMSE and MD values of 4.01 m and –0.29 m, respectively, when compared to the LiDAR DSM 28.5 m. PALSAR DEM 12.5 m and ALOS DSM 28.5 m-derived channel networks/orders yielded the highest horizontal accuracy when compared to those delineated from LiDAR DTM 12.5 m and LiDAR DSM 28.5 m, respectively. The number of unmatched channels decreased when the PBTV increased from 0 to 3 pixels using different ATs.

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“…Focusing on the Sinai Peninsula, several studies [32][33][34] showed that several parameters affected the occurrence of the flash floods over the Sinai Peninsula, namely urban expansion and extreme rainfall events. Three ensembles from three Global Circulation Models (GCMs)-CNRM-CM5, EC-EARTH and MPI-ESM-LR-downscaled by the Regional Climate Model (RCM) were used to present the future change in temperature and rainfall over Sinai through the mid (2041-2070) and the end of the century (2071-2100), where both periods are compared with the baseline period .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The expected distribution of the rainfall shows the localization, which indicates increases in damage (see Figures 14 and 15). Focusing on the Sinai Peninsula, several studies [32][33][34] showed that several parameters affected the occurrence of the flash floods over the Sinai Peninsula, namely urban expansion and extreme rainfall events. Three ensembles from three Global Circulation Models (GCMs)-CNRM-CM5, EC-EARTH and MPI-ESM-LR-downscaled by the Regional Climate Model (RCM) were used to present the future change in temperature and rainfall over Sinai through the mid (2041-2070) and Focusing on the Sinai Peninsula, several studies [32][33][34] showed that several parameters affected the occurrence of the flash floods over the Sinai Peninsula, namely urban expansion and extreme rainfall events.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt

Baldi¹,

Amin

Zayed

et al. 2020

Sustainability

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The whole Mediterranean is suffering today because of climate changes, with projections of more severe impacts predicted for the coming decades. Egypt, on the southeastern flank of the Mediterranean Sea, is facing many challenges for water and food security, further exacerbated by the arid climate conditions. The Nile River represents the largest freshwater resource for the country, with a minor contribution coming from rainfall and from non-renewable groundwater aquifers. In more recent years, another important source is represented by non-conventional sources, such as treated wastewater reuse and desalination; these water resources are increasingly becoming valuable additional contributors to water availability. Moreover, although rainfall is scarce in Egypt, studies have shown that rainfall and flash floods can become an additional available source of water in the future. While presently rare, heavy rainfalls and flash floods are responsible for huge losses of lives and infrastructure especially in parts of the country, such as in the Sinai Peninsula. Despite the harsh climate, water from these events, when opportunely conveyed and treated, can represent a precious source of freshwater for small communities of Bedouins. In this work, rainfall climatology and flash flood events are presented, together with a discussion about the dynamics of some selected episodes and indications about future climate scenarios. Results can be used to evaluate the water harvesting potential in a region where water is scarce, also providing indications for improving the weather forecast. Basic information needed for identifying possible risks for population and infrastructures, when fed into hydrological models, could help to evaluate the flash flood water volumes at the outlets of the effective watershed(s). This valuable information will help policymakers and local governments to define strategies and measures for water harvesting and/or protection works.

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Estimation of flash flood using surface water model and GIS technique in Wadi El Azariq, East Sinai, Egypt

Cited by 3 publications

References 24 publications

Hydrological Modeling and Evaluation of the Efficiency of Culverts in Drainage Basins Affecting the North Railway in Wadi Malham

Hydrological Modeling and Evaluation of the Efficiency of Culverts in Drainage Basins Affecting the North Railway in Wadi Malham

Pixel-Based Geometric Assessment of Channel Networks/Orders Derived from Global Spaceborne Digital Elevation Models

Climatology and Dynamical Evolution of Extreme Rainfall Events in the Sinai Peninsula—Egypt

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