Estimation of Equivalence Scale and Assessment of Its Impact on Poverty Measurement in Bangladesh

Rahman, Md. Matiur; Jeon, Seung-Hoon; Yoon, Kyoung‐Soo

doi:10.3390/su12219081

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…These findings will be valuable for the policy makers and development specialists in designing the effective and efficient poverty alleviation programs. Rahman (2020) showed that the poverty measurement that do not consider economies of scale at the households level overestimated for large households. Such over-estimation can lead to biased poverty measurement and therefore, allocating resources in the wrong direction and resulting in failure to achieve the objectives of poverty alleviation policies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per capita food expenditure in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar: Is there household economies of scale?

May Thet,

Myint,

Hnin

et al. 2022

apjsafe

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This paper empirically investigates the existence of economies of scale in food consumption, the share of food expense in total household expenditure, and the determinants of per capita food expenditure in Myanmar. The study was conducted with a total of 400 respondents from Nay Pyi Taw region and the survey took place in October 2021. The results are presented into two sections. In the first section, the descriptive statistics of the variables such as the respondents’ age, household size, education and residence are reported. The household monthly income was 227.51 USD, household monthly food expenditure was 112.49 USD, household monthly per capita food expenditure was 36.69 USD, and the share of food expenditure to total household expenditure was 70.20 % on average. In the second section, the inferential statistics of the variables are reported using the Pearson’s correlation analysis and regression analysis. Significant negative relationships were found between adult-equivalent household size and per capita food expenditure, and between income and the share of food expense in total household expenditure. The negative effect of household size on per capita food expenditure indicated by the regression analysis suggested that economies of scale in food consumption existed among the study households. Policy makers therefore need to consider economies of scale when designing the poverty alleviation programs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Per capita food expenditure in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar: Is there household economies of scale?

May Thet,

Myint,

Hnin

et al. 2022

apjsafe

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“…In line with conventions in financial protection literature and to maintain international comparability, we utilised the World Health Organization’s (WHO) household equivalence scale in our computations [ 47 ]. We also conducted a parallel analysis using a Bangladesh-specific equivalence scale to ensure a context-specific assessment [ 48 ]. To calculate essential food spending, we excluded tobacco-related consumption and dining out [ 49 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rural‒urban disparities in household catastrophic health expenditure in Bangladesh: a multivariate decomposition analysis

Rahman,

Gasbarro,

Alam

et al. 2024

Int J Equity Health

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Background Rural‒urban disparity in catastrophic healthcare expenditure (CHE) is a well-documented challenge in low- and middle-income countries, including Bangladesh, limiting financial protection and hindering the achievement of the Universal Health Coverage target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. However, the factors driving this divide remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study aims to identify the key determinants of the rural‒urban disparity in CHE incidence in Bangladesh and their changes over time. Methods We used nationally representative data from the latest three rounds of the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (2005, 2010, and 2016). CHE incidence among households seeking healthcare was measured using the normative food, housing, and utilities method. To quantify covariate contributions to the rural‒urban CHE gap, we employed the Oaxaca-Blinder multivariate decomposition approach, adapted by Powers et al. for nonlinear response models. Results CHE incidence among rural households increased persistently during the study period (2005: 24.85%, 2010: 25.74%, 2016: 27.91%) along with a significant (p-value ≤ 0.01) rural‒urban gap (2005: 9.74%-points, 2010: 13.94%-points, 2016: 12.90%-points). Despite declining over time, substantial proportions of CHE disparities (2005: 87.93%, 2010: 60.44%, 2016: 61.33%) are significantly (p-value ≤ 0.01) attributable to endowment differences between rural and urban households. The leading (three) covariate categories consistently contributing significantly (p-value ≤ 0.01) to the CHE gaps were composition disparities in the lowest consumption quintile (2005: 49.82%, 2010: 36.16%, 2016: 33.61%), highest consumption quintile (2005: 32.35%, 2010: 15.32%, 2016: 18.39%), and exclusive reliance on informal healthcare sources (2005: -36.46%, 2010: -10.17%, 2016: -12.58%). Distinctively, the presence of chronic illnesses in households emerged as a significant factor in 2016 (9.14%, p-value ≤ 0.01), superseding the contributions of composition differences in household heads with no education (4.40%, p-value ≤ 0.01) and secondary or higher education (7.44%, p-value ≤ 0.01), which were the fourth and fifth significant contributors in 2005 and 2010. Conclusions Rural‒urban differences in household economic status, educational attainment of household heads, and healthcare sources were the key contributors to the rural‒urban CHE disparity between 2005 and 2016 in Bangladesh, with chronic illness emerging as a significant factor in the latest period. Closing the rural‒urban CHE gap necessitates strategies that carefully address rural‒urban variations in the characteristics identified above.

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“…In this study, data were obtained on actual consumption expenditure of all food and non-food items taken together for the family as whole. The same technique was used by Sarkar [8], Jain [3], Shiyani and Singh [4], Upadhyay [9], Marviya [10], Dutta et al [11], Rahman et al [12] and Chaudhary et al [13] for estimating the consumer adult equivalent scale for different commodities. The standardization of consumer unit was done by using regression technique without/zero intercept.…”

Section: Estimation Of Adult Equivalent Scalementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Adult Equivalent Scale for Consumption Expenditure of Food and Non-food Items with Special Reference to Fruits and Vegetables in Rural and Urban Households of Junagadh District of Gujarat

Chavda

Shiyani

2022

AJAEES

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Consumption is an integral part of our life. Consumer patterns change for both micro and macro reasons. The per capita availability of vegetable was 415.76 gms/day and fruits was 228.79 gms/day in 2019-20 in India which was far below the quantity recommended by WHO. Therefore, it is important to understand changing consumption pattern of fruits and vegetables as well as food and non-food items in rural and urban areas. The present study is based on primary data and hence the household data pertaining to the research study from Junagadh district were collected with the help of interview method. The reference period for the study was year 2019-20 i.e. winter (November-2019 to February-2020), summer (March to June-2020) and monsoon (July to October-2020). The data were analyzed using tabular analysis, regression analysis without intercept for calculating adult equivalent scale (AES) The estimates of adult equivalent scales for main commodity group for different seasons for rural households revealed that the females in age group of 20-40 years accounted for the maximum expenditure share in total fruits and vegetables (TFV), total food (TF), total non-food (TNF) and total expenditure (TOT) commodities groups in all the seasons. In urban households, the adolescent (13-20 years) accounted for the largest proportionate share of expenditure in in TFV commodities groups in all the seasons. For TF and TNF commodity groups, 20-40 years male age groups accounted for the highest share in expenditure in winter and summer seasons while adolescent age group (13-20 years) which accounted for the highest expenditure share in summer season. In TOT commodity group, adolescent of 13-20 years accounted for the highest proportionate share of expenditure in winter and summer seasons whereas it was females in age group of (20-40 years in monsoon season. In overall households, the females in age group of 20-40 years accounted for the maximum expenditure share in TFV commodities groups in winter and summer seasons whereas, it was maximum in monsoon season for the males in age group of 20-40 years. For other commodity groups i.e.TF, TNF and TOT in all seasons, the female in 20-40 years age group accounted for the largest proportionate share of expenditure in different seasons.

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Estimation of Equivalence Scale and Assessment of Its Impact on Poverty Measurement in Bangladesh

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Per capita food expenditure in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar: Is there household economies of scale?

Per capita food expenditure in Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar: Is there household economies of scale?

Rural‒urban disparities in household catastrophic health expenditure in Bangladesh: a multivariate decomposition analysis

Estimation of Adult Equivalent Scale for Consumption Expenditure of Food and Non-food Items with Special Reference to Fruits and Vegetables in Rural and Urban Households of Junagadh District of Gujarat

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