Estimation of Effect of Fog on Terrestrial Free Space Optical Communication Link

Madhuri, A. Sree; Immadi, Govardhani; Narayana, M. Venkata

doi:10.1007/s11277-020-07098-4

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…If the required minimum transmitted power P T min s TX , s RX is less than its maximum value P T max s TX , s RX , the power of transmitter is adjusted to P T min s TX , s RX and the signal is transmitted via FSO link. In Line (10), EEAP algorithm selects alternative multi-hop FSO communication with link ranges that guarantee the maximum transmitted power P T max s TX , s RX and minimum SNR SNR min s RX . otherwise, the receiver system transmits the signal via any other available links such as Radio Frequency (RF) [48], or wired ber links [49].…”

Section: Eeap Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Efficient Adaptive Power Transmission for Free Space Optical

Hamouda

2023

Preprint

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The Free Space Optical (FSO) is a wireless optical system that has many advantages such as low installation time, low installation cost, flexible deployment, high data rate, high data security, and unlicensed spectrum usage. However, FSO links degrade with bad weather conditions including rain, fog, and snow. In this paper, Energy Efficient Adaptive Power Transmission (EEAP) system is proposed to adaptively adjust the required minimum transmission power, based on the distance between the transmitter and receiver under real weather conditions data in Gaza Strip. The required transmission power is minimum transmission power at the transmitter that guarantees a received Signal to Noise (SNR) at the receiver of predefined minimum value. If the required transmission power exceeds the transmission capability of the receiver, EEAP performs a decision making of classifying the FSO link as unviable. In case of unavailable FSO channel, other communication systems such as Radio Frequency (RF) and optical fibre is employed for transmission. In addition, the effect of weather conditions in Gaza Strip in the FSO channel is analysed in this paper. Simulation results show that compared with other fixed transmission power schemes, the proposed EEAP scheme improves the energy efficiency of the transmitter and the link availability of FSO links.

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Section: Eeap Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the most challenges of FSO is the time varying free space channel impairments that effects on the FSO links and causes fading to the FSO links [10]. FSO operates above 300GHz of wavelengths, typically, 785 to 1550nm [11] spectrum.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Adaptive Power Transmission for Free Space Optical

Hamouda

2023

Preprint

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“…The formulae in Table 2 can be used to calculate the specific attenuation owing to fog, rain, and snow. By virtue of the fog particle wavelength being comparable to the propagation wavelength, the attenuation due to fog becomes a paramount contributing factor to the optical signal attenuation [20][21][22][23].…”

Section: 𝑦(𝑡) = 𝛾{ℎ(𝑡)𝑥(𝑡)} + 𝑛(𝑡)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opto-Electronics Review

Lakshmi Priya,

Meenakshi

2022

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The explosive rise of wireless services necessitates a network connection with high bandwidth, high performance, low mistakes, and adequate channel capacity. Individual mobile users, as well as residential and business clusters are increasingly using the internet and multimedia services, resulting in massive increases in the internet traffic demand. Over the past decade, internet traffic has grown significantly faster than Moore's law predicted. The current system is facing significant radio frequency spectrum congestion and is unable to successfully transmit growing amounts of (available) data to end users while keeping acceptable delay values in mind. Free space optics is a viable alternative to the current radio frequency technology. This technology has a few advantages, including fast data speeds, unrestricted bandwidth, and excellent security. Since free space optics is invisible to traffic type and data protocol, it may be quickly reliably and profitably integrated into an existing access network. Despite the undeniable benefits of free space optics technology under excellent channel conditions and its wide range of applications, its broad use is hampered by its low link dependability, especially over long distances, caused by atmospheric turbulenceinduced decay and weather sensitivity. The best plausible solution is to establish a secondary channel link in the GHz frequency range that works in tandem with the primary free space optics link. A hybrid system that combines free space optics and millimeter wave technologies in this research is presented. The combined system offers a definitive backhaul maintenance, by drastically improving the link range and service availability.

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“…Nevertheless, it poses some shortfalls and limitations; these include susceptibility to varying weather  ISSN: 1693-6930 conditions like heat from the ground and heavy fog or dust [27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Many studies analyzed the attenuation of free space optical communication systems operating under different fog conditions and models were proposed for solution [34][35][36][37], this issue needs more studies. Figure 1 clarify the raised cosine/NRZ FSO channel model through various fog weather levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raised cosine/NRZ line coding techniques for upgrading free space optical communication systems through various levels of fog

Alatwi

Rashed

2020

TELKOMNIKA

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This study examines raised cosine/NRZ line coding techniques for upgrading free space optical (FSO) communication systems through various levels of fog. The max. Q factors are simulated and estimated for clear air, light fog, and moderate fog weather conditions at a data rate of 20 Gb/s. The optical signal to noise ratio is also measured for different weather conditions. The total power after both FSO channel and avalanche photodiode (APD) photodetector receiver is estimated by an optical power meter for max. distances. The study shows that the max. propagation distance is extended to 50 km through clear air, 2.25 km through light fog, and 1.6 km through moderate fog with acceptable max. Q factor.

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Estimation of Effect of Fog on Terrestrial Free Space Optical Communication Link

Cited by 12 publications

References 11 publications

Energy Efficient Adaptive Power Transmission for Free Space Optical

Energy Efficient Adaptive Power Transmission for Free Space Optical

Opto-Electronics Review

Raised cosine/NRZ line coding techniques for upgrading free space optical communication systems through various levels of fog

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