Estimation of Earthquake Loss due to Bridge Damage in the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. II: Indirect Losses

Enke, David; Tirasirichai, Chakkaphan; Luna, Ronaldo

doi:10.1061/(asce)1527-6988(2008)9:1(12)

Cited by 32 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Burrus et al (2002) referred to the indirect loss as the decreases in economic output due to business disruption/interruption. From these studies and others (Enke et al, 2007;Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2001;Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, 1999), it is obvious that there are variations in the definition and defined boundary of what is considered as an indirect economic loss.…”

Section: Indirect Economic Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Basically, these losses can be measured by the repair or replacement costs of the damaged structure and properties, including building contents and business inventory (Brookshire et al, 1997;Lindell and Prater, 2003;Enke et al, 2007;Commission on Geosciences, Environment and Resources, 1999;An et al, 2004;Chen et al, 2005;Sohn et al, 2003;Federal Emergency Management Agency 2001).…”

Section: Direct Economic Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Case Study: Applying a Regional Cge Model for Estimation of Indirect Economic Losses Due to Damaged Highway Bridges

Tirasirichai

Enke

2007

The Engineering Economist

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Destruction from natural and man-made disasters can result in extensive damage to the affected area's infrastructure. While the destruction results in costs that are necessary to restore the physical destruction and repair of existing infrastructure, a wider economic impact is often indirectly measured and felt. Policy-makers generally focus only on losses that are directly caused by the destruction, such as the replacement of roads and bridges, yet tend to overlook the consequences from indirect economic losses. This study proposes a framework to estimate the indirect economic loss due to damaged bridges within the highway system of a major metropolitan area. For the research, a simulated earthquake within the St. Louis metropolitan region is selected as a case study. The computable general equilibrium (CGE) model is applied as the loss estimation tool for modeling the indirect cost. The study results show that the indirect loss is significant when compared to the direct loss and should therefore be considered by policy-makers when making both pre-and post-disaster infrastructure decisions.

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Section: Indirect Economic Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Direct Economic Lossmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case Study: Applying a Regional Cge Model for Estimation of Indirect Economic Losses Due to Damaged Highway Bridges

Tirasirichai

Enke

2007

The Engineering Economist

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“…Past researchers have assumed indirect losses are linearly proportional to delay time (Enke et al 2008;Zhou et al 2010). However, anecdotal evidence suggests there is a ripple effect such that indirect losses are not linearly proportional to delay time.…”

Section: Objective 3: Minimizing Indirect Losses Due To Travel Delaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Closure of bridges causes vehicles to change their routes and take detours to reach their destinations. These detours generally translate into increased distance that result in additional costs such as vehicle operating costs, fuel costs, road maintenance costs and insurance costs (Enke et al 2008). Indirect losses due to increased travel distances are estimated as $0.28 per km for commuting trips and $0.70 per km for commercial trips in Enke et al (2008).…”

Section: Structures Congress 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These detours generally translate into increased distance that result in additional costs such as vehicle operating costs, fuel costs, road maintenance costs and insurance costs (Enke et al 2008). Indirect losses due to increased travel distances are estimated as $0.28 per km for commuting trips and $0.70 per km for commercial trips in Enke et al (2008). These values are converted to 2014 U.S. dollar value and combined with the local travel distribution of 95.4% personal trips and 4.6% commercial trips (U.S.…”

Section: Structures Congress 2015mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Many-Objective Framework to Design the Restoration of Damaged Bridges on a Distributed Transportation Network

Ünal

Warn²

2015

Structures Congress 2015

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Bridges serve as critical links in a transportation network. Closure of bridges due to damage resulting from an extreme event, such as an earthquake, can disrupt the transportation operations on the network leading to, potentially significant, economic and social losses. Rapid and simultaneous restoration of all damaged bridges is an ideal solution for minimizing these losses. However, this solution is not realistic for extreme events that might damage hundreds of bridges when considering limitations on the available financial and physical resources. Optimal restoration solutions, i.e. restoration designs, for disrupted transportation networks have been studied in the past. Most of these studies have relied on maximizing or minimizing one or two technical objectives, such as network functionality and restoration costs. However the restoration of a disrupted transportation network is necessarily complex due to the various economic and social aspects that need be considered, for example lost opportunity and mobility of citizens. A framework based on a many-objective approach, i.e. more than three objectives, that considers a broader array of technical, social and economic aspects so that robust solutions for the restoration design of damaged bridges on a distributed network can be identified is presented in this paper. The many-objective framework is applied to an example network to obtain robust solutions and compare these solutions to those obtained from optimization considering one and two technical objectives.

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Probabilistic-Based Consequence Analysis for Transport Networks

Hajializadeh

Sadik

Imam

2021

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

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Estimation of Earthquake Loss due to Bridge Damage in the St. Louis Metropolitan Area. II: Indirect Losses

Cited by 32 publications

References 8 publications

Case Study: Applying a Regional Cge Model for Estimation of Indirect Economic Losses Due to Damaged Highway Bridges

Case Study: Applying a Regional Cge Model for Estimation of Indirect Economic Losses Due to Damaged Highway Bridges

A Many-Objective Framework to Design the Restoration of Damaged Bridges on a Distributed Transportation Network

Probabilistic-Based Consequence Analysis for Transport Networks

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