Estimation of Direct Radiative Forcing of Asian Dust Aerosols with Sun/Sky Radiometer and Lidar Measurements at Gosan, Korea

Won, Jong-Seob; Yoon, Soon‐Chang; Kim, Sang Woo; Jefferson, Ann; Dutton, Ellsworth G; Holben, B. N.

doi:10.2151/jmsj.82.115

Cited by 71 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…These small discrepancies between modeled and experimental values could be associated with errors in the model input parameters as well as errors in the experimental measurements of the global irradiance. Additionally, these differences could be partially related to the overestimation of the diffuse component by the SBDART model Won et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2005).…”

Section: Model Output Fluxes Comparison Against Groundbased Measuremementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol radiative forcing during African desert dust events (2005–2010) over Southeastern Spain

et al. 2012

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Abstract. The daily (24 h) averages of the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) at the surface and the top of the atmosphere (TOA) were calculated during desert dust events over Granada (southeastern Spain) from 2005 to 2010. A radiative transfer model (SBDART) was utilized to simulate the solar irradiance values (0.31-2.8 µm) at the surface and TOA, using as input aerosol properties retrieved from CIMEL sun photometer measurements via an inversion methodology that uses the sky radiance measurements in principal plane configuration and a spheroid particle shape approximation. This inversion methodology was checked by means of simulated data from aerosol models, and the derived aerosol properties were satisfactorily compared against well-known AERONET products. Good agreement was found over a common spectral interval (0.2-4.0 µm) between the simulated SBDART global irradiances at surface and those provided by AERONET. In addition, simulated SBDART solar global irradiances at the surface have been successfully validated against CM-11 pyranometer measurements. The comparison indicates that the radiative transfer model slightly overestimates (mean bias of 3 %) the experimental solar global irradiance. These results show that the aerosol optical properties used to estimate ARF represent appropriately the aerosol properties observed during desert dust outbreak over the study area. The ARF mean monthly values computed during desert dust events ranged from −13 ± 8 W m −2 to −34 ± 15 W m −2 at surface, from −4 ± 3 W m −2 to −13 ± 7 W m −2 at TOA and from +6 ± 4 to +21 ± 12 W m −2 in the atmosphere. We have checked if the differences found in aerosol optical properties among desert dust sectors translate to differences in ARF. The mean ARF at surface (TOA) were −20 ± 12 (−5 ± 5) W m −2 , −21 ± 9 (−7 ± 5) W m −2 and −18 ± 9 (−6 ± 5) W m −2 for sector A (northern Morocco; northwestern Algeria), sector B (western Sahara, northwestern Mauritania and southwestern Algeria), and sector C (eastern Algeria, Tunisia), respectively. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test revealed that daily ARF values at TOA for sector A were significantly different from the other two sectors, likely as a result of the lower values of single scattering albedo obtained for sector A. The mean values of aerosol radiative forcing efficiency at surface (TOA) were −74 ± 12 W m −2 (−17 ± 7 W m −2 ) for sector A, −70 ± 14 W m −2 (−20 ± 9 W m −2 ) for sector B, and −65 ± 16 W m −2 (−22 ± 10 W m −2 ) for sector C, and thus comparable between the three sectors in all seasons.

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Section: Model Output Fluxes Comparison Against Groundbased Measuremementioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosol radiative forcing during African desert dust events (2005–2010) over Southeastern Spain

et al. 2012

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“…The vertical profiles of aerosol back-scattered intensity and extinction were retrieved independently from the MPL and NIES lidar systems by using two retrieval algorithms, which were used by the SNU Won et al 2004;Kahn et al 2004) and NIES (Shimizu et al 2004) groups and are based on the Fernald approach (Fernald et al 1974;Fernald 1984). First, we assume that the total extinction coefficient (TEC, α total ) at the calibration altitude (or reference level; hereafter "z cal "; assumed to be 6 km in this study) is equal to the extinction of air molecules (α mol ).…”

Section: Lidar Retrieval Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extensive ground-based measurements of the vertical profile of tropospheric aerosol extinction are very important for monitoring the evolution of atmospheric aerosols on a local/regional scale and for understanding their impacts on local/regional climate, i.e., with regard to the radiation budget and atmospheric radiative heating/cooling (Carlson and Benjamin 1979;Quijano et al 2000;Kim et al 2004;Won et al 2004;Schmid et al 2006;Ramanathan et al 2007); moreover, they are important for monitoring the regional-scale horizontal transport of wind-blown mineral dust as well as pollution aerosols (Murayama et al 2001;Böck-mann et al 2004;Chazette 2003;Kim et al 2005a;Yoon et al 2006). With regard to the measurement of the vertical distribution of aerosols, a groundbased lidar technique is apparently one of the appropriate methods to measure the vertical profile of ambient aerosol extinction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground-Based Mie-Scattering Lidar Measurements of Aerosol Extinction Profiles during ABC-EAREX 2005: Comparisons of Instruments and Inversion Algorithms

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2008

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…The Ångström exponent (Å) was calculated using linear regres-sion of ln(τ ) vs. ln(λ) (i.e., wavelength) with the data obtained at 380, 440, 500, 675, and 870 nm. These aerosol parameters were used in the column radiative model (CRM) as input data to calculate the aerosol direct radiative forcing and forcing efficiency (Won et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2010). The CRM uses a δ-Eddington approximation with 19 spectral intervals spanning from 0.2 to 5 µm and accounts for several gas absorption spectra; seven spectral bands of O 3 and H 2 O, three of CO 2 , and absorption bands of N 2 O, CH 4 , CFC-11, and CFC-12 are included (Slingo, 1989;Briegleb, 1992).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CRM uses a δ-Eddington approximation with 19 spectral intervals spanning from 0.2 to 5 µm and accounts for several gas absorption spectra; seven spectral bands of O 3 and H 2 O, three of CO 2 , and absorption bands of N 2 O, CH 4 , CFC-11, and CFC-12 are included (Slingo, 1989;Briegleb, 1992). In this study, a linear regression method in the log λ-log χ plane (χ denotes τ , ω, and g) was used to determine the aerosol parameters in 19 λ bands and the number of computational vertical layers was extended from 18 to 54 based on Won et al (2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wintertime aerosol optical and radiative properties in the Kathmandu Valley during the SusKat-ABC field campaign

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Particulate air pollution in the Kathmandu Valley has reached severe levels that are mainly due to uncontrolled emissions and the location of the urban area in a bowl-shaped basin with associated local wind circulations. The AERONET measurements from December 2012 to August 2014 revealed a mean aerosol optical depth (AOD) of approximately 0.30 at 675 nm during winter, which is similar to that of the post-monsoon but half of that of the pre-monsoon AOD (0.63). The distinct seasonal variations are closely related to regional-scale monsoon circulations over South Asia and emissions in the Kathmandu Valley. During the SusKat-ABC campaign (December 2012-February 2013, a noticeable increase in both aerosol scattering (σ s ; 313 → 577 Mm −1 at 550 nm) and absorption (σ a ; 98 → 145 Mm −1 at 520 nm) coefficients occurred before and after 4 January 2013. This can be attributed to the increase in wood-burned fires due to a temperature drop and the start of firing at nearby brick kilns. The σ s value in the Kathmandu Valley was a factor of 0.5 lower than that in polluted cities in India. The σ a value in the Kathmandu Valley was approximately 2 times higher than that at severely polluted urban sites in India. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of 2.6 m 2 g −1 from PM 10 measurements in the Kathmandu Valley is similar to that reported in urban areas. However, the aerosol mass absorption efficiency was determined to be 11 m 2 g −1 from PM 10 measurements, which is higher than that reported in the literature for pure soot particles (7.5 ± 1.2 m 2 g −1 ). This might be due to the fact that most of the carbonaceous aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley were thought to be mostly externally mixed with other aerosols under dry conditions due to a short travel time from their sources. The σ s and σ a values and the equivalent black carbon (EBC) mass concentration reached up to 757 Mm −1 , 224 Mm −1 , and 29 µg m −3 at 08:00 LST (local standard time), respectively but decreased dramatically during the daytime (09:00-18:00 LST), to one-quarter of the morning average (06:00-09:00 LST) due to the development of valley winds and an atmospheric bounder layer. The σ s and σ a values and the EBC concentration remained almost constant during the night at the levels of 410 Mm −1 , 130 Mm −1 , and 17 µg m −3 , respectively. The average aerosol direct radiative forcings over the intensive measurement period were estimated to be −6.9 ± 1.4 W m −2 (top of the atmosphere) and −20.8 ± 4.6 W m −2 (surface). Therefore, the high atPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 12618 C. Cho et al.: Wintertime aerosol optical and radiative properties in the Kathmandu Valley mospheric forcing (i.e., 13.9 ± 3.6 W m −2 ) and forcing efficiency (74.8 ± 24.2 W m −2 τ −1 ) can be attributed to the high portion of light-absorbing aerosols in the Kathmandu Valley, as indicated by the high black carbon (or elemental carbon) to sulphate ratio (1.5 ± 1.1).

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Estimation of Direct Radiative Forcing of Asian Dust Aerosols with Sun/Sky Radiometer and Lidar Measurements at Gosan, Korea

Cited by 71 publications

References 42 publications

Aerosol radiative forcing during African desert dust events (2005–2010) over Southeastern Spain

Aerosol radiative forcing during African desert dust events (2005–2010) over Southeastern Spain

Ground-Based Mie-Scattering Lidar Measurements of Aerosol Extinction Profiles during ABC-EAREX 2005: Comparisons of Instruments and Inversion Algorithms

Wintertime aerosol optical and radiative properties in the Kathmandu Valley during the SusKat-ABC field campaign

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