Estimation of Dietary Intake of Inorganic Arsenic in U.S. Children

Yost, Lisa J.; Tao, Shu; Egan, S. K.; Barraj, Leila M.; Smith, K. M.; Tsuji, Joyce S.; Lowney, Yvette W.; Schoof, Rosalind A.; Rachman, Nancy J.

doi:10.1080/10807030490452151

Cited by 74 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…iAs concentration and BW contributed with 11% and 7%, respectively. Similarly, previous risk assessments in the literature (Torres-Escribano et al, 2008;Yost et al, 2004) reported rice consumption as the determining factor. An uncertainty analysis was conducted for the estimated population CDI, HQ, and R1.…”

Section: Population Exposure-risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / f o o d c h e m t o x chromated copper arsenate -treated wood (Meacher et al, 2002;Schoof et al, 1999;Tsuji et al, 2007;Xue et al, 2010;Yost et al, 2004). Contaminated drinking water is the largest source of exposure to As in regions where contamination is a problem even at moderate levels (Meliker et al, 2006), whereas rice is the largest iAs source in regions where drinking water As exposure is low (Fontcuberta et al, 2011;Meacher et al, 2002;Meliker et al, 2006;Tsuji et al, 2007;Xue et al, 2010).…”

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies have been pointing out the role of rice in people's exposure to arsenic (Meacher et al, 2002;Meharg et al, 2009;Meliker et al, 2006;Schoof et al, 1999;Sun et al, 2008;Tsuji et al, 2007;Williams et al, 2007b;Xue et al, 2010;Yost et al, 2004;Zhu et al, 2008), and consumer groups have been calling for a Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) (Jalonick, 2012). While no MCL is in place in the US and the EU, China promulgates an MCL of 150 ng/g for iAs (Qian et al, 2010), and Hungary and China have 300 ng/g and 700 ng/g, respectively for tAs (Mihucz et al, 2007;Qian et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Speciated arsenic concentrations, exposure, and associated health risks for rice and bulgur

Sofuoğlu

Güzelkaya

Akgül

et al. 2014

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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a b s t r a c tArsenic species were determined in rice and bulgur samples that were collected from 50 participants who also supplied exposure related information through a questionnaire survey. Speciation analysis was conducted using an HPLC-ICP-MS system. Ingestion exposure to arsenic and associated health risks were assessed by combining the concentration and questionnaire data both for individual participants and the subject population. Inorganic arsenic dominated both in rice and bulgur but concentrations were about an order of magnitude higher in rice (160 ± 38 ng/g) than in bulgur. Because participants also consumed more rice than bulgur, exposures were significantly higher for rice resulting in carcinogenic risks above acceptable level for 53% and 93% of the participants when the in-effect and the proposed potencies were used, respectively, compared to 0% and 5% for bulgur. An inorganic arsenic standard for rice would be useful to lower the risks while public awareness about the relation between excessive rice consumption and health risks is built, and bulgur consumption is promoted.

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Section: Population Exposure-risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Contents Lists Available At Sciencedirectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Speciated arsenic concentrations, exposure, and associated health risks for rice and bulgur

Sofuoğlu

Güzelkaya

Akgül

et al. 2014

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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“…The daily exposure to inorganic As from eating rice cereal could be at least 0.0042 mg, modeled for a typical UK diet and based on inorganic As levels found in this survey. Meacher et al (2002) estimate that the 50th percentile intake of inorganic As from soil, air, drinking water and food for US men is 0.0040 mg, whilst for women it is 0.0031 mg. For US children, average exposure from dietary sources alone is estimated at 0.0032 mg (Yost et al, 2004). When exposure is considered on a body mass basis, though, children are more vulnerable than adults (Meharg et al, 2008a,b,c).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of arsenic and its speciation in rice products such as breakfast cereals, rice crackers and Japanese rice condiments

Sun

Williams

Zhu

et al. 2009

Environment International

141

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Rice has been demonstrated to be one of the major contributors to arsenic (As) in human diets in addition to drinking water, but little is known about rice products as an additional source of As exposure. Rice products were analyzed for total As and a subset of samples were measured for arsenic speciation using high performance liquid chromatography interfaced with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS). A wide range of rice products had total and inorganic arsenic levels that typified those found in rice grain including, crisped rice, puffed rice, rice crackers, rice noodles and a range of Japanese rice condiments as well as rice products targeted at the macrobiotic, vegan, lactose intolerant and gluten intolerance food market. Most As in rice products are inorganic As (75.2-90.1%). This study provides a wider appreciation of how inorganic arsenic derived from rice products enters the human diet.

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“…Owing to respondent burdens and costs, most surveys using food records or recall methodology can capture only a few days of consumption for the same individual, particularly when extensive details (e.g., food quantity, source, ingredients, and preparation method) are collected. Following the approach used by FDA (Yost et al, 2004;FDA, 2006;Tsuji et al, 2007), we estimated long-term intakes of perchlorate using the distribution of 2-day average intakes. Specifically, we used the Monte Carlo module of the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM TM ) to derive an estimate of the 2-day average perchlorate intakes.…”

Section: Exposure Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region

Sanchez

Barraj

Blount

et al. 2008

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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The Colorado River shows low levels of perchlorate derived from aerospace-and defense-related fuel industries once located near the Las Vegas Wash. At sufficiently high dosages perchlorate can disrupt thyroid function by inhibiting uptake of iodide. The Colorado River is the primary source of irrigation water for most food crops grown in Southern California and Southwestern Arizona. The objective of this study was to evaluate potential perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region (LCRR). The major food commodities produced in the region were sampled and perchlorate levels were determined by ion chromatography followed by detection using either conductivity or tandem mass spectrometry, depending on analyte levels. The Monte Carlo module of the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEMt) was used to derive an estimate of the 2-day average perchlorate intakes. Data were derived assuming that individuals residing in the LCRR get their fruits and vegetables from within the LCRR as well as from other areas in the United States, or assuming individuals living in the LCRR get their fruits and vegetables from the LCRR only. Perchlorate exposure estimates derived in this study are comparable to exploratory estimates by the US Food and Drug Administration. For infants and children, over 50% of the estimated perchlorate exposure was from milk. The relative impact of vegetables and fruit toward perchlorate exposure increased by age through adulthood. Cumulative perchlorate exposure estimates based on this hypothetical analysis could approach or exceed the NAS reference dose (RfD) for some population groups as drinking water levels exceeded 6 mg/l. However, few individuals are exposed to perchlorate in drinking water at levels above 4 mg/l in the United States and very few would be exposed to perchlorate levels exceeding the RfD, whether consuming food crops from within or outside the LCRR.

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Estimation of Dietary Intake of Inorganic Arsenic in U.S. Children

Cited by 74 publications

References 16 publications

Speciated arsenic concentrations, exposure, and associated health risks for rice and bulgur

Speciated arsenic concentrations, exposure, and associated health risks for rice and bulgur

Survey of arsenic and its speciation in rice products such as breakfast cereals, rice crackers and Japanese rice condiments

Perchlorate exposure from food crops produced in the lower Colorado River region

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