Estimation of components of phenotypic variance for developmental rate in Tribolium

Dawson, Peter S.

doi:10.1038/hdy.1965.53

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…2004). For example, Dawson (1965) found that 59% of variation in developmental rate (presumably a correlate of survivorship) in larval flour beetles was attributable to nonadditive genetic variation, yet another study that estimated fitness based on mating success of sons found no significant genetic effects (Pai & Yan 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for good genes and compatible genes

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Why are females so choosy when it comes to mating? This question has puzzled and marveled evolutionary and behavioral ecologists for decades. In mating systems in which males provide direct benefits to the female or her offspring, such as food or shelter, the answer seems straightforward -females should prefer to mate with males that are able to provide more resources. The answer is less clear in other mating systems in which males provide no resources (other than sperm) to females. Theoretical models that account for the evolution of mate choice in such nonresource-based mating systems require that females obtain a genetic benefit through increased offspring fitness from their choice. Empirical studies of nonresourcebased mating systems that are characterized by strong female choice for males with elaborate sexual traits (like the large tail of peacocks) suggest that additive genetic benefits can explain only a small percentage of the variation in fitness. Other research on genetic benefits has examined nonadditive effects as another source of genetic variation in fitness and a potential benefit to female mate choice. In this paper, we review the sexual selection literature on genetic quality to address five objectives. First, we attempt to provide an integrated framework for discussing genetic quality. We propose that the term 'good gene' be used exclusively to refer to additive genetic variation in fitness, 'compatible gene' be used to refer to nonadditive genetic variation in fitness, and 'genetic quality' be defined as the sum of the two effects. Second, we review empirical approaches used to calculate the effect size of genetic quality and discuss these approaches in the context of measuring benefits from good genes, compatible genes and both types of genes. Third, we discuss biological mechanisms for acquiring and promoting offspring genetic quality and categorize these into three stages during breeding: (i) precopulatory (mate choice); (ii) postcopulatory, prefertilization (sperm utilization); and (iii) postcopulatory, postfertilization (differential investment). Fourth, we present a verbal model of the effect of good genes sexual selection and compatible genes sexual selection on population genetic variation in fitness, and discuss the potential trade-offs that might exist between mate choice for good genes and mate choice for compatible genes. Fifth, we discuss some future directions for research on genetic quality and sexual selection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for good genes and compatible genes

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This procedure created a breeding design with 34 total sires and four dams in two blocks, each block consisting of 17 sires by two dams. Sires and dams were therefore completely crossed within blocks and each set of crosses was nested within its block (i.e., males and females were nested between blocks but crossed within blocks; Dawson, 1965). This design was chosen to maximize power to estimate sire effects efficiently at the expense of power to estimate dam and dam-sire interaction effects.…”

Section: Breeding Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

GENETIC CORRELATIONS AMONG MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS AND RATES OF GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION IN THE GREEN TREE FROG,HYLA CINEREA

Blouin

1992

Evolution

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. -It is often proposed that the morphometric shape ofanimals often evolves as a correlated response to selection on life-history traits such as whole-body growth and differentiation rates. However, there exists little empirical information on whether selection on rates of growth or differentiation in animals could generate correlated response in morphometric shape beyond that owing to the correlation between these rates and body size. In this study genetic correlations were estimated among growth rate, differentiation rate, and body-size-adjusted head width in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea. Head width was adjusted for size by using the residuals from log-log regressions of head width on snout-vent length. Size-adjusted head width at metamorphosis was positively genetically correlated with larval period length. Thus, size-independent shape might evolve as a correlated response to selection on a larval life-history trait. Larval growth rate was not significantly genetically correlated with size-adjusted head width. An additional morphometric trait, size-adjusted tibiofibula length, had a non normal distribution of breeding values, and so was not included in the analysis of genetic correlations (offspring from one sire had unusually short legs). This result is interesting because, although using genetic covariance matrices to predict longterm multivariate response to selection depends on the assumption that all loci follow a multivariate Gaussian distribution of allelic effects, few data are available on the distribution of breeding values for traits in wild populations. Size at metamorphosis was positively genetically correlated with larval period and larval growth rate. Quickly growing larvae that delay metamorphosis therefore emerge at a large size. The genetic correlation between larval growth rate andjuvenile (postmetamorphic) growth rate was near zero. Growth rate may therefore be an example of a fitness-related trait that is free to evolve in one stage of a complex life cycle without pleiotropic constraints on the same trait expressed in the other stage. Gould (1977) argued that morphometric shape in animals often evolves as a correlated response to selection on life-history traits such as whole-body rates ofgrowth or differentiation. This scenario is true by definition for shape variation that scales nonisometrically with overall body size (because if development rate variation causes size variation at the age or stage at which measurements are taken, then development rate is necessarily correlated with shape). It is not clear whether morphometric shape is genetically correlated with growth or differentiation rate independent ofbody size. Such a correlation would arise if the allometric relationship between shape and size is not constant, but is a function of development rate (e.g., changes in overall growth rate do not affect the growth rate of all body parts , Present address: Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, 180 I East Cotati Ave., Rohnert Park, CA 94928 USA.proportionately; ...

show abstract

“…It has allowed us not only to show that the heritability of Cd offspring sensitivity was low, but also that maternal effects ( V Em ) as well as dominance ( V D ) and/or a brood‐specific maternal effect ( V Esm ) were substantial. As classically applied to data obtained from diallel analyses (detailed in Dawson , Lynch and Walsh ), the results of two designs can be combined. The comparison of

h_{normalPHS}^{2}

and

h_{normalMHS}^{2}

estimators makes it possible to quantify V Em (maternal effect repeatable between the successive broods of a mother), which accounts for 9% of the total variance of juvenile Cd sensitivity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers and not genes determine inherited differences in cadmium sensitivities within unexposed populations of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum

Vigneron¹,

Geffard²,

Quéau³

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Applications

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Deciphering evolutionary processes occurring within contaminated populations is important for the ecological risk assessment of toxic chemicals. Whereas increased tolerance to contaminants is well documented in aquatic animal populations, whether such phenotypic changes occur through genetic adaptation is still debated. In that sense, several studies with the freshwater crustacean Gammarus concluded in a weak potential for genetic adaptation to cadmium (Cd), while others reported inheritable increased tolerance in Cd‐contaminated populations. Using quantitative genetics and selection experiments, this study sought to further assess the potential of Gammarus populations to genetically adapt to Cd. By combining the control of the reproductive cycle of this species in the laboratory and protocols of individual Cd exposure, we conducted half‐sib analyses to establish the genetic and environmental sources of variance in Cd sensitivity of neonates. Prior to experiments, computations allowed optimizing the experimental design in order to increase the power to detect additive genetic variance. The main findings are the existence of strong between‐brood variability along with weak heritability of Cd sensitivity within Gammarus populations. This study also revealed a significant maternal effect on individual Cd sensitivity. This sheds new light on the importance of maternal influence in microevolutionary processes occurring in contaminated environments.

show abstract

Estimation of components of phenotypic variance for developmental rate in Tribolium

Cited by 22 publications

References 21 publications

Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for good genes and compatible genes

Genetic quality and sexual selection: an integrated framework for good genes and compatible genes

GENETIC CORRELATIONS AMONG MORPHOMETRIC TRAITS AND RATES OF GROWTH AND DIFFERENTIATION IN THE GREEN TREE FROG,HYLA CINEREA

Mothers and not genes determine inherited differences in cadmium sensitivities within unexposed populations of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About