Estimation of coal aromaticities by proton-decoupled carbon-13 magnetic resonance spectra of whole coals

TOWARDS A DIRECT, NON‐DESTRUCTIVE METHOD OF CHARACTERISING SOIL HUMIC SUBSTANCES USING 13C N.M.R.

“…Cross polarisation "C n.m.r. has been used to estimate the aromaticity of solid coals (VanderHart and Retcofsky, 1976). A typical spectrum consists of a broad, asymmetric signal from aromatic carbon and a sharper, symmetric signal from aliphatic carbon.…”

Use of alkaline soil extracts for 13C n.m.r. characterization of humic substances

“…In cross-polarization n.m.r. of solids, all carbon atoms within 0.35 nm of a hydrogen atom should contribute to the spectrum (Vanderhart & Retcofsky, 1976), so signal suppression should be less of a problem.…”

Associations of physical, chemical with thermal changes during coking as coal heats – Experiments on coal maceral concentrates

“…A number of techniques have been previously employed to investigate individual events involved in the physical, chemical and thermal changes as coal heats, for instance, Gieseler Plastometer [10,11] and Proton Magnetic Resonance Thermal Analysis (PMRTA) [12,13] for measuring fusibility and Rheometry [14][15][16] for viscosity; crucible swelling [10] and Audibert-Arnu dilatometer [10,11] for evaluating swelling; Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Gas Chromatography (GC), Mass Spectrometry (MS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) [9,[17][18][19][20][21][22] for analysing chemical changes; and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) [23][24][25] and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) [26] for estimating thermal changes.…”