Estimation of CO2 emission factor for the energy industry sector in libya: a case study

Nassar, Yasser F.; Salem, Mansour A.S.; Iessa, Kaiss Rateb; AlShareef, Ibraheem Mohamed; Ali, Khaled Amer; Fakher, Massoud Ali

doi:10.1007/s10668-021-01248-9

Cited by 37 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The local station relies on diesel to generate electricity, the emission factor for producing electricity is more than 0.81 kg CO 2 /kWh. 59 The emission factor includes carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, the proportion of fuel sulfur converted to PM (%), and nitrogen oxide. According to HOMER‐Pro simulation results, the types and values of greenhouse gases (GHG) (kg/year) for the proposed systems are listed in Table 8 .…”

Section: Proposed Hybrid Energy System Design Options and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standalone hybrid PV/wind/diesel‐electric generator system for a COVID‐19 quarantine center

El‐Khozondar

El-batta²,

El‐Khozondar

et al. 2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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This work is motivated by the need in overcoming the electricity crisis in Gaza, which is initiated due to political reasons and the spread of COVID‐19. Building quarantine centers is one of the most important means used in combating the COVID‐19, but connecting these centers to the electricity distribution network at the appropriate time is not always possible and increases the burden on the local utility company. This article proposed a hybrid off‐grid energy system (HES) to effectively energize the quarantine COVID‐19 center in Gaza economically and environmentally. To achieve this aim, the estimated load profile of the quarantine center is fed to the HOMER‐Pro program. In addition, the various systems components are introduced to the program, then modeled, and optimized. The developed approach was tested using a real case study considering realistic input data. HOMER‐Pro program is used to simulate and optimize the system design. The results revealed the potential of the HES to provide environment‐friendly, cost‐effective, and affordable electricity for the studied quarantine center, as compared to just the diesel generators system. For the considered case study, it is found that the PV‐wind‐diesel generators HES can cover the connected load with the lowest cost ($ 0.348/kWh) in comparison to other possible HES structures. Taking into consideration the price of harmful emissions, the wining system shows a reduction of 54.89% of the cost of energy (CoE) compared to other systems. For the considered case study, it is found that a combination of 150 kW PV, 200 kW wind, and two diesel generators with capacities of 500 and 250 kW can hold 100% of the electrical load required to keep the quarantine COVID‐19 center in operation. The initial capital cost of this HES is $510,576 where the share of wind energy, solar PV, inverter, and diesel‐electric generators are $320,000, $83,076, $25,000, and $82,500, respectively. The replacemen cost ($55,918) is due to diesel generators. The total operation and maintainance cost (O&M) is $268,737, that is, 25.6% for wind turbines, 1.2% for inverters, and 70.7% for diesel electric generators. The PV/wind/diesel generators HES generate 1,659,038 kWh of electricity. The total energy requirement of 1,442,553 kWh, which means a surplus of 212,553 kWh of energy/year. The total energy (kWh) is an integration of energy sources which are 427,276 (25.8%), 274,500 (16.5%), and 857,263 (57.7%), due to wind, solar and diesel generators respectively. The cost of yearly consumed fuel is $437,828.769. The payback period for the winning system is 1.8 years. Finally, it is proved that the developed approach gives a reasonable solution to the decision‐makers to find a fast, economic and reliable solution to energize the quarantine centers.

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Section: Proposed Hybrid Energy System Design Options and Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standalone hybrid PV/wind/diesel‐electric generator system for a COVID‐19 quarantine center

El‐Khozondar

El-batta²,

El‐Khozondar

et al. 2022

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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show abstract

“…This particular model was mainly based on time series, which again has a deficiency of particular environmental parameters such as ambient temperature and relative humidity. Zhao et al [ 27 ] used the econometrical method to estimate CO 2 and Nassar et al [ 28 ] utilized the method of life cycle assessment to estimate the emission of CO 2 from a power plant that uses diesel in Libya. In addition, many other studies, such as Wang et al [ 29 ]; Wang & Song [ 30 ], used the aggregate carbon intensity to determine the emission of CO 2 from power plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel empirical model for predicting the carbon dioxide emission of a gas turbine power plant

Egware

Kwasi-Effah

2023

Heliyon

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“…An econometric method was utilized by different studies to predict CO2 emissions (Zhao et al, 2015& Schmalensee et al, 1998. Nassar et al (2021) provided a study that depends on Life cycle assessment methodology to estimate CO2 emissions factors from energy flow supply by diesel fuel in Libya. The level of CO2 emissions and the energy profile are analyzed and monitored by many different global indexes, which convert the values of measurements and calculations into a significant numeric index.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative analysis of the carbon dioxide emissions-energy profile in Kuwait: status quo versus 2030

Alrukaibi

AlSalem²

2022

JER is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes f

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Kuwait is among the leading countries globally in terms of its per capita consumption of electricity and water based on the energy outlook report released in 2019. In Kuwait, the CO2 (carbon dioxide) emissions rates have increased from the energy sector due to the burning of significant amounts of fossil fuels to meet the demands of electricity generation and water supply. Under these circumstances, the demanding analysis methodology to forecasting CO2 emissions from the energy sector, the per capita energy consumption and CO2 emissions were 8.9 toe per capita and 21.1 tonnes of CO2-eq emissions per capita, respectively. This paper aims to quantify a comparative analysis model and estimate an numeric magnitude for current and forecasting 2030 CO2 production totals from Kuwait's energy sector and its impact on average atmospheric temperature and energy production. The aggregate carbon intensity (ACI) was used as an indicator to evaluate the current energy situation and predict a model for Kuwait's CO2 emissions situation and identify how the energy demand and supply might evolve by 2030. The CO2 emissions for 2030 and the electricity consumption trend were assumed to be the 'business-as-usual' model using 2nd set of Fuel Analysis USEPA, with five fuel blend scenarios used as the energy sector's predicted fuel blends. The results found that the total CO2 emissions from the energy sector and the ACI of Kuwait in 2016 were 48.6 MtCO2 and 0.69 kgCO2/kWhr, respectively. The 2030 estimations indicated that using an 80% natural gas – 20% gas oil fuel blend in energy production resulted in CO2 emissions of approximately 66 MtCO2, with an ACI of 0.45 kgCO2/kW-hr. The CO2 offset from upcoming renewable energy projects is projected to be approximately 13%.

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Estimation of CO2 emission factor for the energy industry sector in libya: a case study

Cited by 37 publications

References 31 publications

Standalone hybrid PV/wind/diesel‐electric generator system for a COVID‐19 quarantine center

Standalone hybrid PV/wind/diesel‐electric generator system for a COVID‐19 quarantine center

A novel empirical model for predicting the carbon dioxide emission of a gas turbine power plant

A comparative analysis of the carbon dioxide emissions-energy profile in Kuwait: status quo versus 2030

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