Estimation of Caffeine Content in Coffee of Malaysian Market Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

Nyoro, Francis Davin; Sim, Siong Fong; Kimura, Amelia Laccy Jeffrey

doi:10.33736/tur.1137.2018

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…As expected, the level of caffeine content in the Arabica coffee powder based on the area of the peak was very high as it reached up to tens of millions for 3 µg sample, which was equivalent to 3 µL volume injection of 1 mg/mL sample. This result was also supported by a study of Nyoro et al (2018). Low content of fat and high content of carbohydrate in barley and date seed powders based on the nutrient data can make them more preferable as compared to the Arabica coffee, as both could be healthy to the heart muscle (Hamdy et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Due to this, many people have decided to change their lifestyle from caffeinated coffee to decaffeinated types without realising that decaffeinated coffee is not completely free of caffeine. About 0.6 to 3.09% of caffeine has been detected in commercial decaffeinated coffee powder (Nyoro et al, 2018). The caffeine content in coffee after decaffeination is reduced only at 0.02 to 2% (Farah, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Samples were extracted in the ultrapure water at boiling temperature for 30 min, twice, according to Nyoro et al (2018) with slight modifications. The supernatant was collected by centrifugation at 4,000 rpm for 5 min, followed by freeze-drying to obtain constant dry weight.…”

Section: Caffeine Detection Using Lcms-qtofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative nutritional and toxicity analyses of beverages from date seed and barley powders as caffeine-free coffee alternatives

Jamil¹,

Al‐Obaidi²,

Saleh³

et al. 2022

IFRJ

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Coffee is one of the most preferred beverages due to its flavour and aroma, which is partially contributed by the presence of caffeine. However, there are many negative effects of caffeine on human health. Alternative products like date seed and barley beverage have become an interest to switch from caffeine to caffeine-free beverages. The present work thus aimed to evaluate the nutritional properties and toxicity of date seed and barley powders as compared to Arabica coffee powder. Samples were analysed for its caffeine content, antioxidant activity, and toxicity activity from boiled water extract, whereas the nutrition compositions and heavy metal contents were analysed based on respective extraction method performed. A mass spectral peak of caffeine was detected in the Arabica coffee but not in the date seed and barley powders. All three samples were shown to possess antioxidant activities with Arabica coffee yielding the highest. Arabica coffee, however, exhibited a moderate level of toxicity to human lung fibroblast (MRC-5) cell line with IC50 of 230 ± 40 µg/mL at the extract concentration. There was no inhibition on 50% MRC-5 cell viability showed by the date seed and barley powders up to 10 mg/mL extract concentration. The abundance of heavy metals detected in all samples was lower than the regulatory limits. Our findings therefore further supported the advantages of date seed and barley powders as alternatives to coffee beverage as both contained undetected amount of caffeine, low fat and high carbohydrate contents, and possessed good antioxidant activity with low potential health risks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparative nutritional and toxicity analyses of beverages from date seed and barley powders as caffeine-free coffee alternatives

Jamil¹,

Al‐Obaidi²,

Saleh³

et al. 2022

IFRJ

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“…A commercially available external cavity quantum cascade laser (EC-QCL) (DRS Daylight Solutions Inc., SanDiego, CA, USA), tunable between 1570 and 1725 cm −1 , was used as an excitation (pump) source. The tunability region overlapped with the two absorption bands of caffeine, with peaks centered around 1660 and 1700 cm −1 [ 31 ]. The tunable laser was operated in CW mode with a laser current of 650 mA, resulting in an output power of 230 mW.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mid-Infrared Photothermal Spectroscopy for the Detection of Caffeine in Beverages

Ricchiuti,

Riedlsperger,

Dabrowska

et al. 2024

Sensors

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Caffeine is the most widely consumed stimulant and is the subject of significant ongoing research and discussions due to its impact on human health. The industry’s need to comply with country-specific food and beverage regulations underscores the importance of monitoring caffeine levels in commercial products. In this study, we propose an alternative technique for caffeine analysis that relies on mid-infrared laser-based photothermal spectroscopy (PTS). PTS exploits the high-power output of the quantum cascade laser (QCL) sources to enhance the sensitivity of the mid-IR measurement. The laser-induced thermal gradient in the sample scales with the analytes’ absorption coefficient and concentration, thus allowing for both qualitative and quantitative assessment. We evaluated the performance of our experimental PTS spectrometer, incorporating a tunable QCL and a Mach–Zehnder interferometer, for detecting caffeine in coffee, black tea, and an energy drink. We calibrated the setup with caffeine standards (0.1–2.5 mg mL−1) and we benchmarked the setup’s capabilities against gas chromatography (GC) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Quantitative results aligned with GC analysis, and limits of detection matched the research-grade FTIR spectrometer, indicating an excellent performance of our custom-made instrument. This method offers an alternative to established techniques, providing a platform for fast, sensitive, and non-destructive analysis without consumables as well as with high potential for miniaturization.

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“…Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy provides an alternative concept mitigating these aspects. Some works already combined these different techniques with MIR spectroscopy to detect caffeine in tea, coffee beans or coffee powder, − and energy drinks, demonstrating that MIR spectroscopy is a useful method for food analysis. While Raman spectroscopy has the advantage of reduced water interference, MIR spectroscopy in combination with advanced laser light sources provides exceptional sensitivity at reduced measurement times even when analyzing aqueous samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Espresso Science: Laser-Based Diamond Thin-Film Waveguide Sensors for the Quantification of Caffeine

et al. 2023

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Diamond thin-film waveguides with a nanocrystalline diamond layer of approximately 20 μm thickness were used in the mid-infrared regime in combination with quantum cascade lasers to detect the IR signature of caffeine. The diamond thin-film waveguides were fundamentally characterized with respect to their morphological properties via AFM and SEM. Theoretical simulations confirmed the feasibility of using a larger sensing area of approximately 50 mm2 compared to conventionally used strip waveguides. A comprehensive and comparative analysis confirmed the performance of the diamond thin-film-waveguide-based sensing system vs data obtained via conventional attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using a single-bounce diamond internal reflection element. Hence, the utility of innovative diamond thin-film-waveguide-based sensors coupled with quantum cascade laser light sources has been confirmed as an innovative analytical tool, which may be used in a wide range of application scenarios, ranging from environmental to medical sensing, taking advantage of the robustness and inertness of nanocrystalline diamond.

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Estimation of Caffeine Content in Coffee of Malaysian Market Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Comparative nutritional and toxicity analyses of beverages from date seed and barley powders as caffeine-free coffee alternatives

Comparative nutritional and toxicity analyses of beverages from date seed and barley powders as caffeine-free coffee alternatives

Mid-Infrared Photothermal Spectroscopy for the Detection of Caffeine in Beverages

Espresso Science: Laser-Based Diamond Thin-Film Waveguide Sensors for the Quantification of Caffeine

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