Estimation of bone permeability using accurate microstructural measurements

Beno, Thoma; Yoon, Young-June; Cowin, Stephen C.; Fritton, Susannah P.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.08.005

Cited by 147 publications

(134 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Keeping all lacunae would provide biased results due to truncation of LCN. The average number of canaliculi near the surface of lacunae is in agreement with the results published by Beno (Beno et al, 2006) who reported an estimated 3D number of canaliculi of 41 in human bone. The low and high estimates are also consistent with Beno's work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Quantification of the 3d Morphology of the Bone Cell Network From Synchrotron Micro-Ct Images

Dong

Pacureanu

Zuluaga³

et al. 2014

Image Anal Stereol

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In the context of bone diseases research, recent works have highlighted the crucial role of the osteocyte system. This system, hosted in the lacuno-canalicular network (LCN), plays a key role in the bone remodeling process. However, few data are available on the LCN due to the limitations of current microscopy techniques, and have mainly only been obtained from 2D histology sections. Here we present, for the first time, an automatic method to quantify the LCN in 3D from synchrotron radiation microtomography images. After segmentation of the LCN, two binary images are generated, one of lacunae (hosting the cell body) and one of canaliculi (small channels linking the lacunae). The binary image of lacunae is labeled, and for each object, lacunar descriptors are extracted after calculating the second order moments and the intrinsic volumes. Furthermore, we propose a specific method to quantify the ramification of canaliculi around each lacuna. To this aim, a signature of the numbers of canaliculi at different distances from the lacunar surface is estimated through the calculation of topological parameters. The proposed method was applied to the 3D SR micro-CT image of a human femoral mid-diaphysis bone sample. Statistical results are reported on 399 lacunae and their surrounding canaliculi.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Quantification of the 3d Morphology of the Bone Cell Network From Synchrotron Micro-Ct Images

Dong

Pacureanu

Zuluaga³

et al. 2014

Image Anal Stereol

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“…The experimental permeability values obtained here for bone are comparable to those estimated for the lacunar canalicular porosity by modeling approaches, 36 approximately 2.2 Â 10 À22 and 3 Â 10 À22 m 2 (for the hypothesis of "small annulus," which assumes a canaliculi radius of 50 nm and an osteocyte process radius of 25 nm). 37 The identified values of the bone shear modulus (Fig. 4) are similar for all bone specimens both in microand nanoindentations: the shear modulus is approximately 500 MPa in all cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Size effects in indentation of hydrated biological tissues

et al. 2011

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Fluid flow in biological tissues is important in both mechanical and biological contexts. Given the hierarchical nature of tissues, there are varying length scales at which time-dependent mechanical behavior due to fluid flow may be exhibited. Here, spherical nanoindentation and microindentation testings are used for the characterization of length scale effects in the mechanical response of hydrated tissues. Although elastic properties were consistent across length scales, there was a substantial difference between the time-dependent mechanical responses for large and small contact radii in the same tissue specimens. This difference was far more obvious when poroelastic analysis was used instead of viscoelastic analysis. Overall, indentation testing is a fast and robust technique for characterizing the hierarchical structure of biological materials from nanometer to micrometer length scales and is capable of making quantitative material property measurements to do with fluid flow.

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“…The degree of interconnectivity of osteocyte cell processes in cortical bone is illustrated by stains (53) and tracers (54) filling the LCS, and by 3D computational renderings of the osteocyte cell network (55). Osteocytes in vivo contain an average of 41-50 emanating cell processes in human bone (56) and mouse parietal bone (57) and provide numerous pathways for direct communication with neighboring cells. The connectivity of cell processes was only modestly predictive of the g j values of pairs in a network, given that 58% of the pairs investigated were electrically coupled.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix-dependent adhesion mediates network responses to physiological stimulation of the osteocyte cell process

Schaffler

Weinbaum

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Osteocytes are bone cells that form cellular networks that sense mechanical loads distributed throughout the bone tissue. Interstitial fluid flow in the lacunar canalicular system produces focal strains at localized attachment sites around the osteocyte cell process. These regions of periodic attachment between the osteocyte cell membrane and its canalicular wall are sites where pN-level fluid-flow induced forces are generated in vivo. In this study, we show that focally applied forces of this magnitude using a newly developed Stokesian fluid stimulus probe initiate rapid and transient intercellular electrical signals in vitro. Our experiments demonstrate both direct gap junction coupling and extracellular purinergic P2 receptor signaling between MLO-Y4 cells in a connected bone cell network. Intercellular signaling was initiated by pN-level forces applied at integrin attachment sites along both appositional and distal unapposed cell processes, but not initiated at their cell bodies with equivalent forces. Electrical coupling was evident in 58% of all cell pairs tested with appositional connections; coupling strength increased with the increasing number of junctional connections. Apyrase, a nucleotidedegrading enzyme, suppressed and abolished force-induced effector responses, indicating a contribution from ATP released by the stimulated cell. This work extends the understanding of how osteocytes modulate their microenvironment in response to mechanical signals and highlights mechanisms of intercellular relay of mechanoresponsive signals in the bone network.cell signaling | electrophysiology | mechanotransduction | junctional conductance I ncreasing evidence indicates that bone homeostasis and osteogenic remodeling require mechanical loading of whole bone tissue (1-4). Interstitial fluid in bone passes through hierarchical levels of porosity when bone tissue is deformed by external loads. The interstitial fluid is the medium that translates endogenous whole tissue mechanical loads to cellular level forces in bone. Measuring the magnitude of endogenous forces acting on osteocytes in vivo has been a major challenge experimentally, but is of significance for investigating force-induced cell signals in vitro. Mathematical models of in vivo forces acting within the bone porosity of the lacunar-canalicular system (LCS) containing osteocytes have theoretically predicted forces between 1 and 10 pN acting on attachment sites along the osteocyte cell process membrane (5-7). These predictions guided the development of a Stokesian fluid stimulus probe (SFSP) used to focally stimulate osteocytes in vitro at in vivo-level forces (8). In this study, we examined the intercellular electrical signals induced by pN-level forces in interconnected MLO-Y4 bone cell networks, and measured the intercellular signaling through gap junction channels and through changes in nonjunctional conductance. Signaling through nonjunctional membranes likely involves ATP release and binding to purinergic receptors (P2Rs), as demonstrated by the partia...

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Estimation of bone permeability using accurate microstructural measurements

Cited by 147 publications

References 28 publications

Quantification of the 3d Morphology of the Bone Cell Network From Synchrotron Micro-Ct Images

Quantification of the 3d Morphology of the Bone Cell Network From Synchrotron Micro-Ct Images

Size effects in indentation of hydrated biological tissues

Matrix-dependent adhesion mediates network responses to physiological stimulation of the osteocyte cell process

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