Estimation of Body Segment Parameters Using Dual Energy Absorptiometry and 3-D Exterior Geometry

A Novel Method For Assessing Leg Compartmental Body Composition Using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

“…Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is currently used to assess total and regional body composition, particularly FM, LM, and %BF measures. Not only have the most recent DXA models been validated against previous DXA scanning models (Lee et al, 2009;Bilsborough et al, 2014), DXA has also been validated against other established, complex body composition measurement methods, including CT (Visser et al, 1999) and MRI (Shih et al, 2000), among others (Holmes et al, 2005;Lee et al, 2009). Additional studies have examined the relative agreement of body composition values obtained from DXA versus BIA (Bolanowski & Nilsson, 2001), anthropometry, and hydrodensitometry (Kohrt, 1998).…”

“…Multiple body composition methods utilizing the aforementioned compartment models have been developed including anthropometry, hydrodensitometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), among others. DXA, a threecompartment model, is currently considered the gold standard for the quantitative assessment of total and regional body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) in adults and children (Mazess et al, 1990;Haarbo et al, 1991;Lee et al, 2009). Body composition measurement by DXA is also considered the most convenient, safe and non-invasive method of measuring bone and soft tissue (i.e., fat and lean muscle) compared with other methods, allowing for its use in a wide range of clinical and performance settings (Pietrobelli et al, 1996;Blake & Fogelman, 1997).…”

“…Body composition measurement by DXA is also considered the most convenient, safe and non-invasive method of measuring bone and soft tissue (i.e., fat and lean muscle) compared with other methods, allowing for its use in a wide range of clinical and performance settings (Pietrobelli et al, 1996;Blake & Fogelman, 1997). DXA technology is capable of accurately assessing total body and regional body composition (Lee et al, 2009).…”

“…Specifically, the most recent DXA technology uses a narrow fan beam collimator to measure body tissue masses via the transmission of X-rays-rather than gamma rays-at two different high and low frequencies, providing a quicker and safer body composition assessment due to minimized ionizing radiation. Depending on an individual's body size, the amount of radiation exposure from DXA is 1% to 10% of the radiation emitted by a chest X-ray or CT scan (0.02 to 1.5 mrem vs. 25 to 270 mrem, respectively)-less than 1% of average annual total background radiation exposure (Lohman & Chen, 2005;Lee et al, 2009). Further, DXA's ability to isolate body regions and measure tissue masses in each body region during the post-scan analysis allows for more accurate and precise body composition measures (Pietrobelli et al, 1996;Heymsfield et al, 2014).…”

“…(3) demonstrate the inter-and intra-rater reliability of using this novel segmentation method to assess compartmental (i.e., anterior/posterior) composition. DXA has been validated as a reliable technique for quantifying bone mass, FM, and LM in total and regional body composition scan analyses in the frontal view in various populations (Mazess et al, 1990;Haarbo et al, 1991;Lee et al, 2009;Bracco et al, 1996;Fields & Goran, 2000;Burkhart et al, 2009;Hart et al, 2015). Presently, DXA is considered the gold standard for body composition assessment in performance and clinical research settings.…”