Estimation of BER Bit Error Rate Using Digital Smoothing Filters

Abstract

In the article, the authors present a new method of numerical determination of Q and BER parameters based on which the quality of transmission in optical fibre transmission systems is determined. The proposed method is based on the use of digital smoothing filters algorithms and does not require the knowledge of the so-called “eye diagram”, which greatly simplifies the entire measurement procedure. This method can be implemented in a simple manner in real-time systems, and in particular it is crucial for ICT systems and networks with a high bit rate of more than 10 Gbps and 40 Gbps and systems with time division or wavelength division multiplexing of 100 GBE and 400 GBE.

A Novel Seismocardiogram Mathematical Model for Simplified Adjustment of Adaptive Filter

“…For the first adapter filter (AF), the convergence parameter or the adaptation step mu is equal to 0.00023, and for the second, this parameter is 0.00019. Knowing that the signal noise ratio (SNR) [50,51] of the SCG signal at the adaptive filters input is −14.009 dB, the processing efficiencies of these two filters can be evaluated. The processing benefit of the first adaptive filter 7.6802 dB is achieved in 1.2375 s, while the 7.2095 dB processing benefit of the second adaptive filter is achieved in 1.1857 s. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the modeled seismocardiogram signal for the first adaptive filter is 0.1447 (m/s 2 ), and for the second it is 0.3401 (m/s 2 ).…”