Estimation of Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity from Doppler Radar Measurements: a Feasibility Study

Vasireddy, Rakesh; Goette, Josef; Jacomet, Marcel; Vogt, Andreas

doi:10.1109/embc.2019.8857644

Cited by 9 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…No existing studies have been reported to date that evaluated the accuracy of radar-based measurements of body displacements and pulse wave propagation quantitatively. For example, Michler et al [34] used an array radar system and measured the [32] and Lu et al [33] both used two radar systems and placed these systems close to the target body. However, none of these studies [32]- [34] reported evaluations of the accuracy of the measured displacements.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Michler et al [34] used an array radar system and measured the [32] and Lu et al [33] both used two radar systems and placed these systems close to the target body. However, none of these studies [32]- [34] reported evaluations of the accuracy of the measured displacements. In general, it is not easy to evaluate the accuracy of the measured displacements because placement of reference sensors on the body sites of interest can interfere with the radar measurements.…”

Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these studies [29]- [31] did measure the PTT using radar systems only, the radar antennas were placed in close contact with the body surface and thus could not be considered to be noncontact measurements. Vasireddy et al [32] measured the PTT and PWV by placing two radar systems approximately 15 cm from the surface of the patient's chest and from their right groin. Lu et al [33] measured the PWV by placing two radar systems close to the patient's chest and calf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Demonstration of Accurate Noncontact Measurement of Arterial Pulse Wave Displacements Using 79-GHz Array Radar

2021

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In this study, we present a quantitative evaluation of the accuracy of simultaneous array-radar-based measurements of the displacements caused at two parts of the human body by arterial pulse wave propagation. To establish the feasibility of accurate radar-based noncontact measurement of this pulse wave propagation, we perform experiments with four participants using a 79-GHz millimeter-wave ultrawideband multiple-input multiple-output array radar system and a pair of laser displacement sensors. We evaluate the accuracy of the pulse wave propagation measurements by comparing the displacement waveforms that are measured using the radar system with the corresponding waveforms that are measured using the laser sensors. In addition, to evaluate the estimates of the pulse wave propagation channels, we compare the impulse response functions that are calculated from the displacement waveforms obtained from both the radar data and the laser data. The displacement waveforms and the impulse responses both demonstrated the good agreement between the results of the radar and laser measurements. The normalized correlation coefficient between the impulse responses obtained from the radar and laser data on average was as high as 0.97 for the four participants. The results presented here strongly support the feasibility of accurate radar-based noncontact measurement of arterial pulse wave propagation.

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Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Existing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental Demonstration of Accurate Noncontact Measurement of Arterial Pulse Wave Displacements Using 79-GHz Array Radar

2021

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“…Second, the contraction and expansion of heart or the resulting change in diameter of large blood vessels. This can be used to estimate the heart rate [93], to assess the shape of the pulse wave [95] or to measure its transit time, the so-called pulse wave velocity, which contains information on the state of the vessels' walls [96], [97]. An exemplary signal measured with a 24 GHz CW radar is shown in fig.…”

Section: E Vital Sign Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micrometer Sensing With Microwaves: Precise Radar Systems for Innovative Measurement Applications

et al. 2021

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Radar sensors have been widely used to estimate speed and displacement of remote targets. A novel market for contactless radar sensing is emerging in the field of automatization and process analysis, where non destructive testing and evaluation methods are desired. Here, modern radar systems offer various advantages over conventional sensors since they enable the contactless, continuous, and cost-efficient measurement of static or dynamic ranges. These can further be used for vibration and vital sign characterization. Advances in microwave technology, an increasing integration density, and the development of novel algorithms keep boosting the performance of the systems. After introducing the most common operation principles, such as unmodulated and frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar, different design aspects and building blocks of cutting-edge systems are explained in detail. In the second part, selected applications are described in detail. These include the sheet thickness monitoring of metallic foils, and the measurement of the ground speed of vehicles with the latest approaches. Exemplary low-power radar systems are presented to show the limits in terms of power consumption while still offering a high measurement precision. In addition, the topics of mechanical vibration sensing and vital sign sensing are addressed by introducing tailored systems.INDEX TERMS Radar theory, radar remote sensing, Doppler radar, radar applications.

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“…Lu et al [11] measured the chest and calf simultaneously using two C-band radars and calculated the PTT. Vasireddy et al [12] installed two 24-GHz radar systems 15-cm away from the chest and legs, and calculated the PTT. Although they installed radar antennas without touching the body, realizing a non-contact measurement, the installation of antennas near multiple body parts means that the positions of the antennas must be adjusted depending on the position and posture of the person.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Signal Separation Using a Mathematical Model of Physiological Signals for the Measurement of Heart Pulse Wave Propagation With Array Radar

Sakamoto

2020

IEEE Access

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The arterial pulse wave, which propagates along the artery, is an important indicator of various cardiovascular diseases. By measuring the displacement at multiple parts of the human body, pulse wave velocity can be estimated from the pulse transit time. This paper proposes a technique for signal separation using an antenna array, so that pulse wave propagation can be measured in a non-contact manner. The body displacements due to the pulse wave at different body parts are highly correlated, and cannot be accurately separated using techniques that assume independent or uncorrelated signals. The proposed method formulates the signal separation as an optimization problem, based on a mathematical model of the arterial pulse wave. The objective function in the optimization comprises four terms that are derived based on a small-displacement approximation, unimodal impulse response approximation, and a causality condition. The optimization process was implemented using a genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations and experiments.

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Estimation of Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity from Doppler Radar Measurements: a Feasibility Study

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

Experimental Demonstration of Accurate Noncontact Measurement of Arterial Pulse Wave Displacements Using 79-GHz Array Radar

Experimental Demonstration of Accurate Noncontact Measurement of Arterial Pulse Wave Displacements Using 79-GHz Array Radar

Micrometer Sensing With Microwaves: Precise Radar Systems for Innovative Measurement Applications

Signal Separation Using a Mathematical Model of Physiological Signals for the Measurement of Heart Pulse Wave Propagation With Array Radar

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