Estimation of arterial oxygen saturation in relation to altitude

Aznar, Teófilo Lorente; Perez-Aguilar, Guillermo; García-Espot, Alma; Benabarre-Ciria, Sergio; Mendia-Gorostidi, Juan Luis; Dols-Alonso, Daniel; Blasco-Romero, Julia

doi:10.1016/j.medcle.2016.12.002

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Finally, we did not control for the effect of increasing altitude alone (i.e., without exercise). We highlight that according to the literature and our own data [56, 25], the reduction in SpO 2 between 2000 and 2800 m in healthy subjects at rest is approximately 4%. Therefore, at 2800 m, the SpO 2 at rest is expected to be approximately 90%, a value higher than the values found in our study during heavy exercise.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Thoraco-abdominal coordination and performance during uphill running at altitude

et al. 2017

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IntroductionRunning races on mountain trails at moderate-high altitude with large elevation changes throughout has become increasingly popular. During exercise at altitude, ventilatory demands increase due to the combined effects of exercise and hypoxia.AimTo investigate the relationships between thoraco-abdominal coordination, ventilatory pattern, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and endurance performance in runners during high-intensity uphill exercise.MethodsFifteen participants (13 males, mean age 42±9 yrs) ran a “Vertical Kilometer,” i.e., an uphill run involving a climb of approximately 1000 m with a slope greater than 30%. The athletes were equipped with a portable respiratory inductive plethysmography system, a finger pulse oximeter and a global positioning unit (GPS). The ventilatory pattern (ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), respiratory rate (RR), and VE/VT ratio), thoraco-abdominal coordination, which is represented by the phase angle (PhA), and SpO2 were evaluated at rest and during the run. Before and after the run, we assessed respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength and the occurrence of interstitial pulmonary edema by thoracic ultrasound.ResultsTwo subjects were excluded from the respiratory inductive plethysmography analysis due to motion artifacts. A quadratic relationship between the slope and the PhA was observed (r = 0.995, p = 0.036). When the slope increased above 30%, the PhA increased, indicating a reduction in thoraco-abdominal coordination. The reduced thoraco-abdominal coordination was significantly related to reduced breathing efficiency (i.e., an increased VE/VT ratio; r = 0.961, p = 0.038) and SpO2 (r = -0.697, p<0.001). Lower SpO2 values were associated with lower speeds at 20%≥slope≤40% (r = 0.335, p<0.001 for horizontal and r = 0.36, p<0.001 for vertical). The reduced thoraco-abdominal coordination and consequent reduction in SpO2 were associated with interstitial pulmonary edema.ConclusionReductions in thoraco-abdominal coordination are associated with a less efficient ventilatory pattern and lower SpO2 during uphill running. This fact could have a negative effect on performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Thoraco-abdominal coordination and performance during uphill running at altitude

et al. 2017

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“…Cold skin temperatures reduce SpO2 reading accuracy [43][44][45]. This effect is based on a reduced blood flow due to cold-induced vasoconstriction [12,31]. However, modern devices can handle this condition and/or report it to the user.…”

Section: Cold-induced Vasoconstriction (Poor Perfusion)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The application of standardized procedure by trained users can prevent incorrect measurements and data interpretation [ 6 , 12 ]. Unfortunately, there exists no uniform standard for measuring protocols at high altitudes but there are some specific recommendations available to minimize measurement uncertainties which largely coincides with the countermeasures listed in Table 1 : (1) The test person should remain in a sitting position for about 5 min, (2) the measuring site (normally the finger) should be kept as warm as possible, e.g., by wearing gloves, (3) motions of the sensor should be prevented, (4) the sensor should be shielded from ambient light, (5) a trained and experienced examiner should perform the measurements, and (6) SpO 2 values should be monitored and averaged over a period of 2–3 min [ 6 , 12 , 31 ]. Additionally, if the device offers the ability to display the pulse wave graphically, it should be ensured that it remains as stable as possible [ 31 ].…”

Section: Part 1: Basic Principles Of Functioning Most Relevant Pimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Pulse Oximetry in the Assessment of Acclimatization to High Altitude

Dünnwald

Kienast²,

Niederseer

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Background: Finger pulse oximeters are widely used to monitor physiological responses to high-altitude exposure, the progress of acclimatization, and/or the potential development of high-altitude related diseases. Although there is increasing evidence for its invaluable support at high altitude, some controversy remains, largely due to differences in individual preconditions, evaluation purposes, measurement methods, the use of different devices, and the lacking ability to interpret data correctly. Therefore, this review is aimed at providing information on the functioning of pulse oximeters, appropriate measurement methods and published time courses of pulse oximetry data (peripheral oxygen saturation, (SpO2) and heart rate (HR), recorded at rest and submaximal exercise during exposure to various altitudes. Results: The presented findings from the literature review confirm rather large variations of pulse oximetry measures (SpO2 and HR) during acute exposure and acclimatization to high altitude, related to the varying conditions between studies mentioned above. It turned out that particularly SpO2 levels decrease with acute altitude/hypoxia exposure and partly recover during acclimatization, with an opposite trend of HR. Moreover, the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS) was consistently associated with lower SpO2 values compared to individuals free from AMS. Conclusions: The use of finger pulse oximetry at high altitude is considered as a valuable tool in the evaluation of individual acclimatization to high altitude but also to monitor AMS progression and treatment efficacy.

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“…se han desarrollado ecuaciones para determinar el valor adecuado para cada altitud en montañistas [8,9] , los valores obtenidos en el estudio se aproximan a los predichos por estas ecuaciones.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Saturación de oxígeno en pacientes durante hemodiálisis a diferentes altitudes

Mendoza

Gonzalez-Polar²,

Sumen³

et al. 2021

Acta Med Peru

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Introducción Los pacientes en hemodiálisis pueden presentar hipoxemia durante este procedimiento, la cual puede ser mayor si la hemodiálisis se realiza en ciudades de mayor altitud. Objetivos Evaluar las modificaciones de la saturación de oxígeno en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en estadio 5 en hemodiálisis a diferentes altitudes. Material y métodos Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo observacional, de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica estadío 5 en programa de hemodiálisis, en tres ciudades localizadas a diferente altitud: 101, 2335 y 3,825 metros sobre el nivel del mar, en los que se evaluó la saturación de oxígeno en posición semisentada con pulsoxímetro: antes, durante y al finalizar el procedimiento de hemodiálisis. Resultados Se incluyeron 65 pacientes en hemodiálisis, de 3 ciudades de diferente altitud, con características similares, la saturación de oxígeno disminuyó significativamente a medida que aumentaba la altitud (97,3 ± 1,1 vs 94,8 ± 2,1 vs 84,8 ± 5,9 p=0,001), la saturación de oxígeno no mostró cambios antes, ni durante la hemodiálisis en las diferentes altitudes. Los niveles de ferritina fueron menores en pacientes de gran altitud comparado con los de nivel del mar (132 ± 57 vs 493 ± 492 p=0,001). Conclusiones En pacientes en hemodiálisis la saturación de oxígeno disminuye a medida que incrementa la altitud y no se encontró disminución significativa durante la hemodiálisis.

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Estimation of arterial oxygen saturation in relation to altitude

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Thoraco-abdominal coordination and performance during uphill running at altitude

Thoraco-abdominal coordination and performance during uphill running at altitude

The Use of Pulse Oximetry in the Assessment of Acclimatization to High Altitude

Saturación de oxígeno en pacientes durante hemodiálisis a diferentes altitudes

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