Estimation of Air Pollutant Emissions from Port-Related Sources in the Port of Incheon

Abstract

A port has been regarded as a significant contributor to air pollution in the surrounding areas. Port-related air pollutants are released from not only marine vessels, but also various land-side sources at ports, which include cargo handling equipment, vehicles, locomotives, and fugitive dust sources by port activities such as bulk handling and vehicle movements. However, most studies in Korea have only focused on vessel emissions and there is a lack of information on the emissions from other sources at port. In this study, in order to establish the port-related emission inventory and evaluate the relative contribution of these sources to air emissions from the Port of Incheon, the emissions from land-side sources were estimated and the CAPSS (Clean Air Policy Support System) data for vessel emissions were used. In particular, the detailed information and activity data for the cargo handling equipment source were collected and the emission factors and emissions by equipment types were calculated using U.S. EPA methodologies. Total HC, CO, NO x , PM 10 , and SO 2 emissions from port-related sources including the vessel in 2007 were calculated as 229 ton/year, 638 ton/year, 4,861 ton/year, 307 ton/year, and 3,995 ton/year, respectively. It was found that the vessel was the largest contributor to air pollutant emissions from the port, the cargo handling equipment was responsible for about from 8% to 13% of HC, CO, and NO x emissions and the resuspended road dust contributed about 39% for PM 10 emissions. The results of this study will be used to establish the management and reduction strategies of air pollution in the port.

PM2.5 and Trace Elements in Underground Shopping Districts in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, Korea

“…However, the concentration of coal combustion is the highest in Incheon because the total element concentration is high ( Table 4 b). Incheon experiences significant amounts of dust because of its proximity to the port and China, and because a large coal-fired power plant is located approximately 30 km southwest [ 99 , 100 ]. This causes high concentrations of coal combustion elements even indoors.…”

Emissions of Ozone Precursors from a Biogenic Source and Port-related Sources in the Largest Port City of Busan, Korea

“…Emissions of NOx and VOCs from the shipping container trucks in Busan during 2013 were 41% and 30% of total emission from heavy-duty vehicles in Busan during 2011. The emissions from the cargo handling equip- Han et al (2011), b ICF counsulting, 2009 ment (1,440 for NOx and 133 ton yr -1 for VOCs) were higher than those from shipping container trucks by a factor of 1.7 for NOx and 4.2 for VOCs. The yard tractor as the significant source in emission from the cargo handling equipment is the emission source to be regulated for the improvement of air quality in coastal area.…”

“…The emissions from the cargo handling equipment in Busan port were significantly higher than those in the ports of other cities (Incheon, Yeosu/ Gwangyang etc.) by more than a factor of 4 (Han et al, 2011).…”

“…The LF was obtained from ICF international (2009). The EP and OD in Busan port were adopted from Han et al (2011) due to the lack of data.…”

A Study on Emissions from Drayage Trucks in the Port City-Focusing on the Port of Incheon

“…Unfortunately, trucking emission in port areas received little consideration from academic researchers. Han et al [17] considered drayage truck emission as a part of total emissions in POI. However, a top-down methodology and old data are applied, thus, it provided less reliable results.…”