Estimation of age in forensic anthropology: historical perspective and recent methodological advances

Ubelaker, Douglas H.; Khosrowshahi, Haley

doi:10.1080/20961790.2018.1549711

Cited by 94 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Estimating a person's age is one of the most important aspects of human identification (Ubelaker and Khosrowshahi 2019). Dental age estimation significantly narrows the search possibilities of the suspected victim into the estimated ages and gender (Krishan et al 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The applicability of Willems dental age estimation method for Indonesian children population in Surabaya

Kurniawan

Agitha

Margaretha

et al. 2020

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background: The applicability of dental age estimation has been expanded to meet a variety of medico-legal needs, law enforcement, and disaster victim identification. The objective of this study is to examine the applicability of the Willems method for Indonesian children. Material and method: A total of 110 panoramic radiographs of the patients (6-14 years old) who met the inclusion criteria were obtained from the Department of Forensic Odontology and Department of Radiology, Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. Estimated dental age (EDA) was assessed using the Willems method by two blinded examiners. The statistical analysis was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results and discussion: The mean of the chronological age (CA) in this study is 11.30 ± 1.43 years (boys) and 11.65 ± 1.55 years (girls). The overall mean difference between CA and EDA for boys and girls is − 0.08 ± 0.76 and − 0.31 ± 0.97, respectively. This study showed that the mean age difference in girls was more significant than in boys. The growth spurt timing between boys and girls might cause a difference in dental maturation, whereas the onset of the pubertal growth spurt in girls is about 2 years earlier than in boys. In general, girls start and finish their dental development earlier than boys end. Conclusion: The present study suggests that the dental age estimation methods proposed by Willems can be considered as an applicable method for the children population in Surabaya, both boys and girls. However, a detailed study may be required while applying this approach to the 11-14-year-old girl population in Surabaya, as a substantial underestimation was observed in this community.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The applicability of Willems dental age estimation method for Indonesian children population in Surabaya

Kurniawan

Agitha

Margaretha

et al. 2020

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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“…Effects of salt addition depend on the concentrations of salts and the type of surfactant used. For the nonionic surfactants, such as Triton X-114, the value of CMC decreases with an increasing concentration of the electrolyte [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The anions (i.e., Cl - and SO 4 2- ) are likely to decrease self-association of water molecules, whereas the cation (i.e., Na + ) may decrease the cloud point by dehydration of the polyoxyethylene chain [ 39 , 41 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is rarely combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in drug determination due to the matrix effect (ME). However, we have recently shown that ME is not a limiting factor in CPE. Low extraction efficiency may be improved by salt addition, but none of the salts used in CPE are suitable for LC–MS. It is the first time that the influences of a volatile salt—ammonium acetate (AA)—on the CPE extraction efficiency and ME have been studied. Our modification of CPE included also the use of ethanol instead of acetonitrile to reduce the sample viscosity and make the method more environmentally friendly. We developed and validated CPE–LC–MS for the simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in plasma that can be useful for clinical and forensic toxicology. The selected parameters included Triton X-114 concentration (1.5 and 6%, w/v), concentration of AA (0, 10, 20 and 30%, w/v), and pH (3.5, 6.8 and 10.2). The addition of 10% of AA increased recovery twice. For 20 and 30% (w/v) of AA, three phases were formed that prolonged the extraction process. The developed CPE method (6% Triton X-114, 10% AA, pH 10.2) was successfully validated through LC–MS/MS simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in human plasma. The linearity was in the range of 10–750 ng/mL (r2 > 0.990).

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“…However, this is challenging as many skeletal age-estimation techniques have large error rates that require individuals to be placed into wide age categories. Recently there have been developments in skeletal age-estimation techniques that focus on the correlation between age and changes in bone mineral density, degenerative disease, histology, dental pulp changes, and molecular markers (Ubelaker, and Khosrowshahi 2019) that could refine the estimated ages of skeletal remains. Advancements in these techniques allow for more accurate assessments of whether osteoporosis is primary (age-related) or secondary in nature.…”

Section: Paleopathological Approaches To Detecting Starvation "Hungermentioning

confidence: 99%

New and Emerging Prospects for the Paleopathological Study of Starvation

Simpson¹

2020

pathways

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Starvation represents a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality, past and present, and is therefore of critical importance to the field of paleopathology. Scholars have previously argued that while critical to understanding past human health, starvation is often not directly observable in skeletal remains. But is this assessment still valid today? In re-evaluating this assessment, this paper discusses new developments in the analysis of (1) the “hunger osteopathies” (osteoporosis with some overlay of osteomalacia), (2) skeletal signs of arrested growth such as Harris lines and Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH), and (3) carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of skeletal remains. Periods of starvation are known to cause these visible and chemical alterations within skeletal remains, but these phenomena are complex, multi-etiological, and approaches to evaluate them are often fraught with a lack of standardization and specificity. An interdisciplinary approach synthesizing multiple lines of osteological and dental evidence, borrowing anatomical and medical research, and implementing new advancements in computer modeling, imaging modalities, and chemical micro-sampling may theoretically aid in inferring starvation bioarchaeologically.

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Estimation of age in forensic anthropology: historical perspective and recent methodological advances

Cited by 94 publications

References 77 publications

The applicability of Willems dental age estimation method for Indonesian children population in Surabaya

The applicability of Willems dental age estimation method for Indonesian children population in Surabaya

Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

New and Emerging Prospects for the Paleopathological Study of Starvation

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