Estimation of age from human sternum: an autopsy study on a sample from South India

Chandrakanth, H.V.; Kanchan, Tanuj; Krishan, Kewal; Arun, M.; Kumar, G. N. Pramod

doi:10.1007/s00414-012-0752-0

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Predicting age and sex using various medical imaging modalities has been implemented for decades. In forensic medicine, dental and manubrium with age correlation [ 1 , 2 ] and costal cartilage mineralization studies [ 3 , 4 ] have extensively been used to estimate age and sex. Bone age study is commonly used for clinical purposes to evaluate the skeletal maturity of children or adolescents [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Deep Neural Networks for Predicting Age and Sex in Healthy Adult Chest Radiographs

Yang

Pan

Chou

et al. 2021

JCM

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Background: The performance of chest radiography-based age and sex prediction has not been well validated. We used a deep learning model to predict the age and sex of healthy adults based on chest radiographs (CXRs). Methods: In this retrospective study, 66,643 CXRs of 47,060 healthy adults were used for model training and testing. In total, 47,060 individuals (mean age ± standard deviation, 38·7 ± 11·9 years; 22,144 males) were included. By using chronological ages as references, mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used to assess the model performance. Summarized class activation maps were used to highlight the activated anatomical regions. The area under the curve (AUC) was used to examine the validity for sex prediction. Results: When model predictions were compared with the chronological ages, the MAE was 2·1 years, RMSE was 2·8 years, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient was 0·97 (p < 0·001). Cervical, thoracic spines, first ribs, aortic arch, heart, rib cage, and soft tissue of thorax and flank seemed to be the most crucial activated regions in the age prediction model. The sex prediction model demonstrated an AUC of > 0·99. Conclusion: Deep learning can accurately estimate age and sex based on CXRs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Deep Neural Networks for Predicting Age and Sex in Healthy Adult Chest Radiographs

Yang

Pan

Chou

et al. 2021

JCM

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“…[22] It is known that manubrium and corpus can remain united and amount of union increases with advancing age. [42] Since the manubriosternal joint has a fibrocartilage, even if the ossification gets completed, the cartilage structure is preserved inside the joint. In our study, there were no significant gender differences for ossification between the manubrium and corpus, which started at the ages of 0-9 and completed between the ages of 30-39. The ossification between the xiphoid process and the corpus started at the ages of 0-9, completed at the ages of 50-59 and there was no significant gender difference.…”

Section: Presence Of Presence Of Foramen On the Foramen On The Xiphoid Process Sternum Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of sternal morphology according to age and sex in multidedector computerized tomography

Bolatlı¹,

Doğan²,

Koplay³

et al. 2020

Anatomy

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Objectives: The sternum is located in the middle of the anterior wall of the thoracic cage. It consists of three parts; manubrium, body (corpus) and xiphoid process. Since it is an easy bone to scan, it can be used for age and sex determination in forensic medicine. The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of the sternum according to age and gender. Methods: This study was performed retrospectively on 700 CT images. 3D volume rendering images of sternum were created from the axial CT images at a 1 mm slice thickness. Results: There were significant differences in sternum measurements according to age and sex. The xiphoid process was identified under three different types. Ossification between the manubrium and sternum body showed significant differences according to age and sex. Conclusion: Data collected from a single bone is important for age and sex prediction especially in forensic medicine. These data taken from a large series may also contribute to evaluation of variations in sternal morphology.

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“…Age, sex, stature and ancestry have been estimated in different populations of the world to strengthen such databases. [10][11][12][13] Global status of forensic anthropology and its position in India Forensic anthropologists have been assisting medical examiners and investigative professionals at the scenes of death/crime in the USA for a long time. Forensic anthropology was added as a section in the American Academy of Forensic Sciences of the United States way back in 1972.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Age, sex, stature and ancestry have been estimated in different populations of the world to strengthen such databases. 10–13…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and status of forensic anthropology in India: A review of the literature and future directions

2019

Self Cite

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Forensic anthropology deals with the identification of human remains in a legal setting. The primary role of a forensic anthropologist is to evaluate human skeletal remains and ascertain the biological profile of the deceased. Forensic anthropologists thus use their expertise to assist medical examiners, as well as law enforcement agencies. Forensic anthropology was not recognised as a subject specialty of much significance in most parts of the world for a long time. However, now its status has changed, mostly in the USA and parts of Europe. The scope of the subject ranges from evaluation of human skeletal remains to the identification of the living. In the new millennium, the role of forensic anthropologists includes disaster victim identification, photographic superimposition, facial image reconstruction in CCTV footage, gait pattern analysis from video surveillance, ascertaining the age of an individual in absence of legal documents and paedo-pornographic materials. Despite its relevance in human identification, the development of forensic anthropology in India is not very encouraging. Only a few institutions in India include forensic anthropology as a part of the forensic science degree programme, and there are no certified courses in anthropology either. Likewise, there are limited employment opportunities for forensic anthropologists in medical institutes/organisations/universities. This comprehensive review focuses on the status and development of forensic anthropology in India and emphasises the need for its recognition as a specialty of significance. The article also throws light on the comparison of its status in the Indian context vis a vis developed nations.

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Estimation of age from human sternum: an autopsy study on a sample from South India

Cited by 32 publications

References 29 publications

Using Deep Neural Networks for Predicting Age and Sex in Healthy Adult Chest Radiographs

Using Deep Neural Networks for Predicting Age and Sex in Healthy Adult Chest Radiographs

Evaluation of sternal morphology according to age and sex in multidedector computerized tomography

The development and status of forensic anthropology in India: A review of the literature and future directions

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