Estimation of Ag coating thickness by different methods using a handheld XRF instrument

Brocchieri, Jessica; Scialla, Elvira; Sabbarese, C.

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2020.11.006

Cited by 20 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The first approach considered concerns the characteristic fluorescence lines of Au which undergo differential attenuation in a layer of gold itself due to the different energies. [ 4,7,25 ]…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are attenuated by the gilded layer according to the linear attenuation coefficient. [ 7,10,26 ]…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 4,5 ] The interaction of X‐rays with a sample with different layers leads to a clear change in the intensity ratio between the different characteristic lines, which can be used to determine the thickness of the different layers. [ 6,7 ] The ratio of the characteristic line intensities of an element in the substrate depends on, and can be also used to measure, the thickness of the coating. [ 8–14 ] A multivariate statistical method, the ordinary partial least squares (PLS) regression, was also used to obtain the thickness of the overlapping layer of objects coated with silver [ 7 ] and gold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 6,7 ] The ratio of the characteristic line intensities of an element in the substrate depends on, and can be also used to measure, the thickness of the coating. [ 8–14 ] A multivariate statistical method, the ordinary partial least squares (PLS) regression, was also used to obtain the thickness of the overlapping layer of objects coated with silver [ 7 ] and gold. [ 13 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This tool has already been used effectively in various applications to study fresco pigments, [ 23 ] alloys of ancient coins and their surface enrichment of silver [ 24 ] and the thickness of silver foils. [ 4,7 ] The uniqueness of this study is that four different materials covered with gold are studied and an instrument specially adapted to the type of measurement and material is not used, therefore, without a monochromatic signal, confocal lenses and the possibility of choosing certain work energies. In addition, various possible ratios of characteristic fluorescence lines are analysed and their potential for determining gold thickness is discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gold‐coating thickness determination on Ag, Cu, Fe, and Pb using a handheld X‐ray instrument

2021

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Here, the X‐ray fluorescence technique is used to determine the thickness of a coating layer as well as to analyze the surface of objects. Four metals (Ag, Cu, Fe, Pb) were covered with increasing thicknesses of gold. The measurements were performed with a commercial handheld instrument, X‐SORT (Spectro). In double layers, the thickness of the covering layer was assessed by (a) the ratio between the most intense fluorescence lines of the covered element, (b) a cross‐ratio between two lines of the elements in the two layers, and (c) the ordinary partial least squares (PLS) regression method. In all cases, the curves obtained could be used for the quantitative determination of the thickness. The experimental data followed the theoretical trend even though the values of the attenuation parameters were not always in agreement with the theoretical ones. Comparisons and discussion of the results of the different approaches and also with models in the literature are made. The methods studied were applied to determine the nature of the coating layers of some gilded objects and proved to be suitable for estimating the thickness of gold by providing results that were in good agreement with each other.

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Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are attenuated by the gilded layer according to the linear attenuation coefficient. [ 7,10,26 ]…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Gold‐coating thickness determination on Ag, Cu, Fe, and Pb using a handheld X‐ray instrument

2021

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Heavy metal content prediction based on Random Forest and Sparrow Search Algorithm

Xue

Liu

et al. 2022

Journal of Chemometrics

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X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis is exceedingly suitable for detecting heavy metal contents in soil. In order to do that, an accurate prediction model based on XRF analysis is necessary. But in practice, the XRF spectral data is susceptible to moisture content in soil, which may lead to inaccurate prediction results. Accordingly, a new prediction model based on Random Forest Regression (RFR) and improved Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) was proposed, which takes the variation of moisture content into consideration. At first, the XRF spectral data were obtained by experiment. Owing to the advantages of training speed and prediction ability, the RFR was employed to predict the heavy metal contents. In order to further improve the performance of RFR, the SSA was selected and improved with theory of good‐point set, which can determine optimum hyper‐parameters of RFR conveniently. It can be found by comparison that the proposed model outperforms other commonly used models.

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Comparison of different methodologies for estimating gold thickness in multilayer samples using XRF spectra

Scialla

Brocchieri

Sabbarese

2023

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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Estimation of Ag coating thickness by different methods using a handheld XRF instrument

Cited by 20 publications

References 23 publications

Gold‐coating thickness determination on Ag, Cu, Fe, and Pb using a handheld X‐ray instrument

Gold‐coating thickness determination on Ag, Cu, Fe, and Pb using a handheld X‐ray instrument

Heavy metal content prediction based on Random Forest and Sparrow Search Algorithm

Comparison of different methodologies for estimating gold thickness in multilayer samples using XRF spectra

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