Estimation and Comparison of Immunization Coverage under Different Sampling Methods for Health Surveys

Nath, Dilip C.; Patowari, Bhushita

doi:10.1155/2014/850479

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…To obtain the appropriate sample size for this study, a systematic sampling technique was used. Systematic sampling is a type of random sampling where the initial unit is chosen randomly using random numbers, and subsequent units are chosen automatically based on a predetermined pattern (26). Initially, the researchers collaborated with the heads of different healthcare facilities to determine the count of children registered in the Child Welfare Clinic (CWC) registers who fell within the age range of 0 to 59 months.…”

Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana

Kuuyi,

Kogi

2024

Preprint

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Immunization is believed to prevent deaths from diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles in about 2.5 million children each year worldwide. Failure to vaccinate children in the required timeframe could result in disease outbreaks and increased costs. This study was to identify the causes of low vaccination coverage among children in Nadowli-Kaleo district, Ghana.An analytical cross-sectional study was adopted for this study. Three hundred and thirty-six participants (336) were recruited through a systematic sampling method. Data was collected using KoboCollect online data collection tool. Data was analyzed using Stata Version 17.0. Chi-square test was used to establish a link between the child’s immunization status and the independent variables. Finally, logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association. To determine statistical significance, a p-value of less than 0.05 at the 95 percent confidence level was employed.It was revealed that immunization status among children under-five was a little above average (55.4%). Factors that were significantly associated with child full immunization were mother’s or caregiver’s age, marital status, occupation, and current child’s birth order (p-value < 0.05). Other location-related factors significantly associated with full immunization of children were number of ANC visits, delivery location, and distance to health facility. Giving birth to a child at the health facility had higher chance of 2.12 times to be fully immunized than giving birth at home [AOR (95%CI) p-value=2.12 (1.14-3.94)0.017]. The health system related factors which were found to be statistically associated with child full immunization included time spent during immunization service and being informed when to come for the next vaccination.Immunization coverage is not very encouraging at our study site. To enhance childhood vaccination rates, we suggest expanding access to health services, institutional childbirth, and timely regular antenatal visits.

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Section: Sampling Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana

Kuuyi,

Kogi

2024

Preprint

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show abstract

“…To obtain the appropriate sample size for this study, a systematic sampling technique was used. Systematic sampling is a type of random sampling where the initial unit is chosen randomly using random numbers, and subsequent units are chosen automatically based on a predetermined pattern [ 28 ]. Initially, the researchers collaborated with the heads of different healthcare facilities to determine the count of children registered in the Child Welfare Clinic (CWC) registers who fell within the age range of 0 to 59 months.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana

Kuuyi,

Kogi

2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Immunization prevents deaths from diseases such as diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough and measles in about 2.5 million children each year worldwide. Failure to vaccinate children in the required timeframe could result in disease outbreaks among them and increase costs of living among the populations directly affected. Even though Ghana has set 95% as the target for immunization coverage, the Nadowli-Kaleo district has been below this national target. This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing low immunization coverage among children under five years in the Nadowli-Kaleo district, Ghana. An analytical cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. Systematic sampling method was used to recruit the respondents. The data was collected using KoboCollect online data collection tool and analyzed using Stata Version 17.0. Chi-square test was used to establish the association between child’s immunization status and the independent variables. Logistic regression was used to determine the degree of association. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Fully immunized status among children under-five was a little above average (55.4%). Mother’s or caregiver’s age, marital status, occupation, and current child’s birth order were significantly associated with children full immunization. Also, number of ANC visits, delivery location, and distance to health facility were significantly associated with children full immunization. A child delivered at the health facility had higher chance of 2.12 times to be fully immunized than giving birth at home [AOR = 2.12, 95%CI = 1.14–3.94, and p-value = 0.017]. The health system related factors which were statistically associated with child full immunization included time spent during immunization service and being informed when to come for the next vaccination visit. Coverage for children with fully immunized status was not very encouraging at our study site. We recommend expansion of access to maternal and child health services, encouraging institutional childbirth, and timely regular antenatal visits.

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“…After choosing the UCs, we utilized the WHO 30X7 technique [ 16 ] to achieve the sample size within each union council for the quantitative part of the study. This approach provided us with a sample size of 210 in each union council, which is a suitable sample to assess the coverage of vaccines and the knowledge of parents and care providers [ 17 ]. The overall sample sizes for Karachi, Pishin, and Bajaur were 3780, 2100, and 1260, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Knowledge and Perceptions of Polio Disease and Its Immunization in Polio High-Risk Areas of Pakistan

et al. 2023

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Pakistan is one of the few countries where poliovirus transmission still persists, despite intensive efforts to eradicate the disease. Adequate vaccination coverage is essential to achieve polio eradication, but misconceptions about polio vaccines have hindered vaccination efforts. To address this issue, we conducted a mixed-methods study to explore knowledge and perceptions regarding polio disease and immunization in high-risk areas of Pakistan. We collected quantitative data from 3780, 1258, and 2100 households in Karachi, Bajaur, and Pishin, respectively, and supplemented this with qualitative data from focus group discussions and in-depth interviews. Our findings reveal a high level of awareness about polio and its immunization; however, misperceptions about the polio vaccine persist, leading to refusal for both polio vaccines and routine immunizations. Our study provides up-to-date data on knowledge and perceptions of polio and its immunization and identifies critical gaps. These findings can inform the development of future strategies and innovative approaches to improve the success of the polio program in Pakistan.

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Estimation and Comparison of Immunization Coverage under Different Sampling Methods for Health Surveys

Cited by 6 publications

References 7 publications

Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana

Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana

Factors contributing to immunization coverage among children less than 5 years in Nadowli-Kaleo District of Upper West Region, Ghana

Exploring Knowledge and Perceptions of Polio Disease and Its Immunization in Polio High-Risk Areas of Pakistan

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