Estimation and characterization of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCB emission from secondary zinc and lead metallurgies in China

Ba, Te; Zheng, Minghui; Zhang, Bing; Liu, Wenbin; Su, Guoshao; Xiao, Ke

doi:10.1039/b818555g

Cited by 38 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Atmospheric levels of PCBs and PCNs have also been reported in many countries and regions, with concentrations in the range of 0.5−148 fg of WHO-TEQ/ m 3 for PCBs and 2−160 pg/m 3 for PCNs. 27−32 The concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in this study were obviously higher than the values mentioned above 3 , respectively) were also higher than the concentration limits mentioned above. Therefore, workers were exposed to high concentrations of airborne PCDD/Fs, dlPCBs, and PCNs in the secondary nonferrous metal smelting processing plants investigated.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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ABSTRACT:The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) were determined in workplace air from eight secondary nonferrous metal processing plants to investigate occupational exposure to these toxic compounds. The total estimated daily intakes of PCDD/Fs and dlPCBs for workers by inhalation in the workplace were in the range of 0.15−9.91 and 0.13−8.59 pg of WHO-TEQ/kg of body weight (bw) for moderate and light activities, respectively. The daily inhalation doses for workers in the workplaces of three investigated plants exceeded the tolerable daily intake recommended by the World Health Organization. These results indicate that the risk of occupational exposure to dioxins by inhalation in the workplace of plants investigated was considerably high. For PCNs, the daily inhalation doses for workers in the workplace were in the range of 0.005−4.46 and 0.004−3.87 pg of TEQ/kg of bw for moderate and light activities, respectively, which were lower than those of dioxins. To identify the source of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in workplace air, their homologue profiles were compared with those in stack gas from the plants investigated. It was found that significant dioxin contamination in workplace air was mainly attributed to the emission of fugitive gas from smelting furnaces during reclamation processes. ■ INTRODUCTIONSecondary metal smelters primarily engage in the recovery of nonferrous metals and alloys from new and used scrap and dross. Scrap metal and metal wastes may contain organic materials, such as plastics, paints, and solvents. 1 High emissions of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants (UPPOPs) have been determined in stack gas of secondary nonferrous metal processing plants, caused by the combustion of these impurities in the presence of various types of metals during reclamation processes. 2−6 During the secondary nonferrous metal smelting process, the smelting furnace door would be open for feeding raw material, mixing, and other necessary operations. Therefore, fugitive UP-POP emissions can be directly released into the workplace air during the process. Several studies have been conducted to investigate polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) concentrations in the workplace air of some industrial thermal processes, such as sinter plants, municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWIs), and secondary aluminum and copper smelters. 7−10 Moreover, the results of these studies suggested that there was significant PCDD/F contamination in the workplace air of the industrial thermal process plants investigated. Shih et al. 8 investigated PCDD/F levels in the workplace atmosphere of a sinter plant, and their results indicated that PCDD/F concentrations in workplace air (0.55− 2.14 pg of I-TEQ/m 3 ) were obviously higher than that of the outside ambient environment (0.07 pg of I-TEQ/m 3 ). In a secondary aluminum smelter, PCDD/F concentrations during operation were ...

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Section: ■ Results and Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Zheng

Liu

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Observing the previous table, it can be said that zinc emissions are generally the highest in both volume and toxicity, followed by copper, aluminum, and lead. Fingerprint profiles have similar main congeners; for example (Ba et al, 2009a;Ba et al, 2009b), the most abundant congener in the representative TEQ profile from these sources is generally 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF for zinc metallurgies (36.1%), copper metallurgies (27.9%) and aluminum metallurgies (29.4%). On the other hand, for lead metallurgies, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF presents a concentration in stack gas of 16.3%, with 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF being the highest contributor in the TEQ profile (20.2%).…”

Section: Fingerprint Of Industrial Sourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the current state and main sources of dioxins around the world

Dopico

Gómez

2015

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

113

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Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are a group of dangerous compounds, emitted mostly from anthropogenic sources, that have negative effects on human health. Therefore, it is interesting to analyze the emission patterns of dioxins proceeding from different sources around the world, to observe the actual trend of the transmission of dioxins and furans into the atmosphere.For that reason, the main objective of the present document is to provide a general assessment about the dioxin problematic, analyzing the main parameters that influence the ambient concentration of dioxins worldwide, and describing the most characteristic features of the fingerprint from different sources, while making emphasis in the importance that non-industrial sources are gaining over the last years in front of the decreasing tendency of industrial sources. The description of the most important abatement technologies for dioxins is also included in this review.Implications: Given the negative effects of dioxins in human health, it is important to depict and locate the main sources of these dangerous compounds. Emissions proceeding from industrial facilities have decreased over the last years; however, other zones where nonindustrial sources used to be relevant contributors do not show the same decreasing tendency because it is more difficult to control this type of emissions. For that reason, future studies should focus on measuring and regulating this highly uncontrolled source of dioxins.

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“…Finally, ferrous and nonferrous metals might catalyze Cl/Br-PAH formation at appropriate temperatures in the cooling stages. Many studies have confirmed that large quantities of traditional halogenated aromatic pollutants, such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are emitted from these industrial sources. − There are thousands of sinter plants and smelters operating in China, and millions of tons of metal and alloy are manufactured each year. Therefore, these industrial activities are believed to be potential important sources of Cl/Br-PAHs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorinated and Brominated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Metallurgical Plants

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2018

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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In this study, we investigated several metallurgical industries, including iron ore sintering, secondary aluminum smelting, and secondary lead smelting, as potential sources of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs. Stack gas emissions of 19 Cl-PAH and 19 Br-PAH congeners from the investigated metallurgical plants were in the ranges of 68.3-156 ng Nm and 2.9-13.5 ng Nm, respectively. Cl/Br-PAHs in ambient air surrounding the investigated metallurgical plants were also quantified, and the ranges were 7.0-554 pg m for Cl-PAHs and 3.0-126 pg m for Br-PAHs. Toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of Cl-PAHs and Br-PAHs in the ambient air samples were in the ranges of 0.03-3.61 pg TEQ m and 0.001-0.23 pg TEQ m, respectively. These TEQs were slightly higher than or comparable to those of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Congener profiles of Cl-PAHs emitted from iron ore sintering, secondary aluminum smelting, and secondary lead smelting facilities were clarified and their congener profiles were obviously different from that from waste incinerators. Comparisons of Cl/Br-PAH congener profiles between surrounding air samples and stack gas emissions indicated that metallurgical emissions affected the surrounding environment to some extent.

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Estimation and characterization of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCB emission from secondary zinc and lead metallurgies in China

Cited by 38 publications

References 10 publications

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Occupational Exposure to Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans, Dioxin-like Polychlorinated Biphenyls, and Polychlorinated Naphthalenes in Workplaces of Secondary Nonferrous Metallurgical Facilities in China

Review of the current state and main sources of dioxins around the world

Chlorinated and Brominated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Metallurgical Plants

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