Estimating velocity from noisy GPS data for investigating the temporal variability of slope movements

Wirz, Vanessa; Beutel, Jan; Gruber, Stephan; Gubler, Stefanie; Purves, Ross S.

doi:10.5194/nhess-14-2503-2014

Cited by 26 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Furthermore, the observed decrease in rock glacier velocities in winter was typically smooth and gradual and started a few weeks to months after the initiation of the seasonal cooling of GSTs (Delaloye et al, 2010;Wirz et al, 2015). The observed acceleration either occurred progressively and lagging behind the temperature increase (3-4 months after surface melt started; Kääb et al, 2005), or it occurred rapidly during the snowmelt period (Krummenacher et al, 2008;Perruchoud and Delaloye, 2007;Buchli et al, 2013;Wirz et al, 2015), indicating a potentially strong influence of meltwater infiltration.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Typically, such seasonal velocity fluctuations have been observed to lag behind ground surface temperature (GST) by a few weeks to months (Kääb, 2005;Delaloye et al, 2010;Buchli et al, 2013), suggesting that changes in the temperature of the rock glacier body through vertical heat conduction are an important influence on seasonal velocity variations (timing and amplitude; Kääb et al, 2005;Lambiel et al, 2005;Delaloye et al, 2010). Furthermore, the observed decrease in rock glacier velocities in winter was typically smooth and gradual and started a few weeks to months after the initiation of the seasonal cooling of GSTs (Delaloye et al, 2010;Wirz et al, 2015). The observed acceleration either occurred progressively and lagging behind the temperature increase (3-4 months after surface melt started; Kääb et al, 2005), or it occurred rapidly during the snowmelt period (Krummenacher et al, 2008;Perruchoud and Delaloye, 2007;Buchli et al, 2013;Wirz et al, 2015), indicating a potentially strong influence of meltwater infiltration.…”

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term velocity variations of three rock glaciers and their relationship with meteorological conditions

Wirz¹,

Gruber²,

Purves³

et al. 2015

Preprint

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Abstract. In recent years, strong variations in the speed of rock glaciers have been detected, raising questions about their stability in a changed climate. In this study, we present continuous time series over three years of surface velocities of six GPS stations located on three rock glaciers in Switzerland. Intra-annual velocity variations are analyzed in relation to local meteorological factors, such as precipitation, snow(melt), as well as air and ground surface temperatures. A main focus of this study lies on the abrupt velocity peaks, which have been detected at two steep and fast moving rock glacier tongues. The continuous measurements with high temporal resolution revealed that all rock glaciers experience clear intra-annual variations in movement where the timing and the amplitude is rather similar between individual years. The seasonal decrease in velocity was typically smooth, starting one to three months after the seasonal decrease in temperatures, and was stronger in years with colder temperatures in mid winter. The seasonal acceleration always started during the zero curtain period, often was abrupt and rapid compared to the winter deceleration, and at two stations it was interrupted by short velocity peaks, occurring immediately after high water input from snowmelt or heavy precipitation. The findings of this study suggest that both, the seasonal acceleration and the short velocity peaks are strongly influenced by water infiltration, causing thermal advection and increase in pore water pressure, and that likely no velocity peak was solely caused by high temperatures. In contrast, the amount of deceleration in winter seems to be mainly controlled by winter temperatures.

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Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction and Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term velocity variations of three rock glaciers and their relationship with meteorological conditions

Wirz¹,

Gruber²,

Purves³

et al. 2015

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hauck et al, 2011;Hilbich et al, 2009;Krautblatter and Hauck, 2007;Vonder Mühll et al, 2000) or kinematic monitoring with continuous automatic GPS measurements or sporadically with total stations, differential GPS or terrestrial laser scanning (e.g. Delaloye et al, 2008Delaloye et al, , 2010Kenner et al, 2014;Roer et al, 2005;Scapozza et al, 2014;Wirz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges and solutions for long-term permafrost borehole temperature monitoring and data interpretation

Luethi¹,

Phillips²

2016

Geogr. Helv.

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Abstract. Long-term borehole temperature monitoring in mountain permafrost environments is challenging under the hostile conditions reigning in alpine environments. On the basis of data measured in the SLF borehole network we show three situations where ground temperature data should be interpreted with caution. (i) Thermistors have the tendency to drift, particularly if exposed to moisture or mechanical strain. This induces apparent warming or cooling, which can be difficult to differentiate from real ground temperature changes. Recalibration of thermistor chains is impossible if they cannot be extracted as a result of borehole deformation in creeping permafrost terrain. A solution using zero-curtain-based detection of drift and correction of data is presented. This method is however limited to the active layer, due to the lack of a reference temperature at greater depth. (ii) In contrast to drift-induced apparent warming, actual warming may be induced by natural processes or by the effects of construction activity. (iii) Control data from neighbouring boreholes are sometimes used to fill data gaps and discern drift -however these data may only underline the strong spatial variability of ground temperatures rather than provide measurement redundancy. A selection of recently observed problems regarding borehole monitoring in a hostile measurement environment are discussed, and advantages and possible drawbacks of various solutions including measurement redundancy or alternate instrumentation are presented.

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“…In addition, permanent GNSS stations have been operated allowing for the continuous measurement (hourly, daily, etc.) of the movement of a single point [14,18,44]. On the basis of these observations, seasonal variations are found to occur on all monitored rock glaciers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Monitoring Rock Glacier Kinematics with Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar

et al. 2020

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Active rock glaciers represent the best visual expression of mountain permafrost that can be mapped and monitored directly using remotely sensed data. Active rock glaciers are bodies that consist of a perennially frozen ice/rock mixture and express a distinct flow-like morphology indicating downslope permafrost creep movement. Annual rates of motion have ranged from a few millimeters to several meters per year, varying within the annual cycle, from year to year, as well as at the decennial time scale. During the last decade, in situ observations in the European Alps have shown that active rock glaciers are responding almost synchronously to inter-annual and decennial changes in ground temperature, suggesting that the relative changes of their kinematics are a general indicator of the evolution of mountain permafrost conditions. Here, we used satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) to monitor the rate of motion of various active rock glaciers in the Swiss Alps, Qeqertarsuaq (Western Greenland), and the semiarid Andes of South America. Velocity time series computed with Sentinel-1 SAR images, regularly acquired since 2014, every six days over Europe and Greenland and every 12 days over the Andes, show annual fluctuations, with higher velocities at the end of the summer. A JERS-1 image pair of 1996 and stacks of very high-resolution SAR images from TerraSAR-X and Cosmo-SkyMed from 2008 to 2017 were analyzed using InSAR and offset tracking over the Western Swiss Alps in order to extend the main observation period of our study. A quantitative assessment of the accuracy of InSAR and offset tracking was performed by comparison with in situ methods. Our results for the three different study regions demonstrate that Sentinel-1 InSAR can complement worldwide in situ measurements of active rock glacier kinematics.

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Estimating velocity from noisy GPS data for investigating the temporal variability of slope movements

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Short-term velocity variations of three rock glaciers and their relationship with meteorological conditions

Short-term velocity variations of three rock glaciers and their relationship with meteorological conditions

Challenges and solutions for long-term permafrost borehole temperature monitoring and data interpretation

Monitoring Rock Glacier Kinematics with Satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar

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