Estimating the waste heat recovery in the European Union Industry

Bianchi, Giuseppe; Panayiotou, Gregoris; Aresti, Lazaros; Kalogirou, Soteris A.; Florides, Georgios A.; Tsamos, Kostantinos; Tassou, Savvas A.; Christodoulides, Paul

doi:10.1007/s40974-019-00132-7

Cited by 80 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the industrial sector, which consumes nearly a quarter of the total energy resources, the waste heat temperature distribution was reported in 2008 [7]; more than 54% of waste heat is in the temperature range of 100-200 • C, followed by more than 21% in the 200-300 • C temperature range (see Figure 1; a more detailed distribution is also shown in the reference pie chart [7]). Similar data are reported for European industries [8]. Large amounts of heat energy are rejected from automotive internal combustion engines as well as from furnaces in residential and commercial sectors.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Heat Flux Based Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger

Yazawa

Shakouri

2021

Energies

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We analyzed the potential of thermoelectrics for electricity generation in a combined heat and power (CHP) waste heat recovery system. The state-of-the-art organic Rankine cycle CHP system provides hot water and space heating while electricity is also generated with an efficiency of up to 12% at the MW scale. Thermoelectrics, in contrast, will serve smaller and distributed systems. Considering the limited heat flux from the waste heat source, we investigated a counterflow heat exchanger with an integrated thermoelectric module for maximum power, high efficiency, or low cost. Irreversible thermal resistances connected to the thermoelectric legs determine the energy conversion performance. The exit temperatures of fluids through the heat exchanger are important for the system efficiency to match the applications. Based on the analytic model for the thermoelectric integrated subsystem, the design for maximum power output with a given heat flux requires thermoelectric legs 40–70% longer than the case of fixed temperature reservoir boundary conditions. With existing thermoelectric materials, 300–400 W/m2 electrical energy can be generated at a material cost of $3–4 per watt. The prospects of improvements in thermoelectric materials were also studied. While the combined system efficiency is nearly 100%, the balance between the hot and cold flow rates needs to be adjusted for the heat recovery applications.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Heat Flux Based Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger

Yazawa

Shakouri

2021

Energies

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“…It should be noted that the use of heat pumps has been recognised as a preferential pathway towards the decarbonisation of energy systems. The reader may, for example, refer to Bianchi et al [43] for an estimation of the industrial waste heat recovery potential in the European Union. Typical uses of CO 2 heat pumps are water and space heating, drying and, more recently, heat integration in industries [44] and electric vehicles [45,46].…”

Section: Heat Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview and outlook of research and innovation in energy systems with carbon dioxide as the working fluid

Bianchi

Besagni

Tassou

et al. 2021

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Carbon dioxide (CO 2 , R744) is a natural working fluid with interesting thermophysical properties that have stimulated strong attention by the academic and industrial communities for a broad range of energy applications. The technology readiness level of CO 2 -based energy systems is very diverse due to the increasing consideration that the fluid has been receiving since the 1990s. Hence, the state of the art in CO 2 energy research spans from fundamental thermofluid and chemistry science to commercial system innovations. After a brief compendium on ongoing activities, this paper proposes a roadmap for CO 2 energy research with reference to the cooling, heating and power sectors. The key knowledge gaps and the main challenges at system and component levels are critically discussed. Pathways to advance the understanding and the technological maturity of CO 2 energy systems are also outlined.

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“…With reference to the temperature-entropy (T-s) diagram of Fig. 3b, the CO 2 is pressurized in the compressor (1-2) and heated up first in the cold side of the recuperator (2)(3) and then in the primary heater (3)(4), where the actual heat recovery from the industrial topping process takes place (red line). Afterwards, the high enthalpy CO 2 flow is expanded in the turbine (line 4-5) until a pressure close to the critical one.…”

Section: Sco 2 Power Cyclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular, two main approaches can be pursued, the direct re-use of the waste heat recovered or its conversion into electric power. Unlike the direct use of the recovered heat that requires a heat demand in the industrial site or in the nearby ones, an electrical energy recovery is more favorable in terms of energy management, since the surplus of electricity can be dumped to the electrical grid [3]. In addition, electricity is considered more valuable from an economic perspective [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) technologies for high-grade waste heat to power conversion

2020

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In the European Industry, 275 TWh of thermal energy is rejected into the environment at temperatures beyond 300 °C. To recover some of this wasted energy, bottoming thermodynamic cycles using supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO 2) as working fluid are a promising technology for the conversion of the waste heat into power. CO 2 is a non-flammable and thermally stable compound, and due to its favourable thermo-physical properties in the supercritical state, can lead to high cycle efficiencies and a substantial reduction in size compared to alternative heat to power conversion technologies. In this work, a brief overview of the sCO 2 power cycle technology is presented. The main concepts behind this technology are highlighted, including key technological challenges with the major components such as turbomachinery and heat exchangers. The discussion focuses on heat to power conversion applications and benefits of the experience gained from the design and construction of a 50 kWe sCO 2 test facility at Brunel University London. A comparison between sCO 2 power cycles and conventional heat to power conversion systems is also provided. In particular, the operating ranges of sCO 2 and other heat to power systems are reported as a function of the waste heat source temperature and available thermal power. The resulting map provides insights for the preliminary selection of the most suitable heat to power conversion technology for a given industrial waste heat stream.

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Estimating the waste heat recovery in the European Union Industry

Cited by 80 publications

References 17 publications

Heat Flux Based Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger

Heat Flux Based Optimization of Combined Heat and Power Thermoelectric Heat Exchanger

Overview and outlook of research and innovation in energy systems with carbon dioxide as the working fluid

Review of supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) technologies for high-grade waste heat to power conversion

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