Estimating the seroincidence of HIV-1 in the general adult population in Kigali, Rwanda

Bucyendore, A; Perre, Philippe Van de; Karita, Etienne; Nziyumvira, A.; I, Sow; Fox, Edward L.

doi:10.1097/00002030-199302000-00018

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Furthermore, the Rwandese serosurveillance system has also shown that HIV seroprevalence among urban adults has increased in recent years in Kigali. 14 Finally, a seroincidence study in HIVwomen of reproductive age has found in the same population an annual incidence around 3 to 5%. 15 Regardless of HIV infection, the prevalence at inclusion of genital infections was high in pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Should screening of genital infections be part of antenatal care in areas of high HIV prevalence? A prospective cohort study from Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1993. The Pregnancy and HIV (EGE) Group.

Leroy

Clercq

Ladner

et al. 1995

Sexually Transmitted Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

20-1% (p = 0.49). Until delivery, the relative risk of acquiring genital infections was also higher in HIV+ women than in HIV -women: 1.0 for syphilis (95% CI: 0.5-2.2), 3.7 for Neisseria gonorrhoea (1.0-13.3), 2.6 for Trichomonas vaginalis (1.5-4.6) and 1.6 for Candida vaginalis (1.1-2.4). Conclusion-In the context of high HIV-1 seroprevalence among pregnant women, prenatal care should include at least once screening for genital infections by clinical examination with speculum and a syphilis testing in Africa.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Should screening of genital infections be part of antenatal care in areas of high HIV prevalence? A prospective cohort study from Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1993. The Pregnancy and HIV (EGE) Group.

Leroy

Clercq

Ladner

et al. 1995

Sexually Transmitted Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, the convention of using HIV prevalence among the youngest women as a proxy for HIV incidence is known to provide only a general indication of true incidence. In Rwanda, late sexual debut among women makes analysis of the [15][16][17][18][19] year age group more difficult, due to a low number of pregnant women in the youngest age groups. The incidence analysis therefore considered both the 15-24 year age group and primiparous women as indicators of potential new infections.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the same years, the sentinel surveillance system also documented high levels of HIV prevalence among STI patients surveyed at a total of five sites over two rounds of surveillance ranging from 23.3% to 65.5% (median 56.5%). 16 The national sentinel surveillance system was expanded and improved in 2002 to include a total of 24 sentinel ANC sites, with two sites in each of Rwanda's 12 provinces, to approach more representative national coverage. The number of rural sites in the system increased from three to 12, and the number of ''other urban'' sites increased from five to nine.…”

Section: Rwandamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Between the 1992 and 2000 surveys, the median age of sexual debut among females may have increased slightly from 19.7 to 20.1. 19 20 A large behavioural survey conducted in 2000 among [15][16][17][18][19] year olds in six of Rwanda's 12 provinces showed that 29% of males and 12% of females surveyed reported ever having had sexual intercourse. Another survey conducted in Butare province in 2002 found that among 15-19 year olds, 12.2% of males and 5.6% of females were sexually active.…”

Section: Rwandamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Current trends in Rwanda's HIV/AIDS epidemic

Kayirangwa

Hanson²,

Munyakazi³

et al. 2006

Sexually Transmitted Infections

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To review the trajectory of Rwanda's HIV epidemic, including long term trends and more recent trends in HIV prevalence, markers of HIV incidence, and behavioural indicators. Methods: This paper reviews the history of HIV serological and behavioural surveillance efforts in Rwanda, dating back to the early 1980s, synthesising findings from surveillance, research, and other relevant HIV programmatic data. The documentation reviewed includes published findings, conference abstracts, and unpublished analyses. Special emphasis is given to more recent sentinel surveillance results and data collected using known, documented methods. Recent trends in HIV prevalence were assessed among sites participating in the three most recent consecutive rounds of antenatal clinic sentinel surveillance. Results: Early HIV surveillance in Rwanda documented high HIV prevalence in urban areas with HIV widely disseminated into rural areas by 1986. Between 1988 and 1996, HIV prevalence among pregnant women ranged from 21% to 33% in Kigali, from 8% to 22% in other urban settings, and from 2% to 12% in rural settings. More recent surveillance among pregnant women has demonstrated more moderate prevalence, with urban/rural differences narrowing slightly. Between 1998 and 2003, HIV prevalence may have declined in urban areas, whereas rural areas appear to have remained stable. Age at first sexual intercourse is relatively late in Rwanda (20 years for both males and females) and has remained stable since at least 1992.Conclusions: The present analysis suggests that Rwanda may have experienced declines over the long term in HIV prevalence in urban areas, especially in Kigali, and may have stable or slightly rising HIV prevalence in rural areas. The limited behavioural data available suggest that, on the national level, Rwanda may benefit from a unique combination of low numbers of partners and late sexual debut, which may have had a mitigating effect on HIV prevalence.

show abstract

“…In the simplest approach, time is grouped into units, e.g. months or years, then the observed prevalence (proportion HIV-positive) in each time period is regressed as a function of the sequential time units [4]. A disadvantage of this approach is that all time units are given equal weight regardless of the number of observations they include.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating HIV hazard rates from cross-sectional HIV prevalence data

2006

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We propose a method of estimating the HIV hazard rate in a population when only cross-sectional data measuring HIV-prevalence are available. In a cross-sectional study, individuals who test positive are left-censored since we know only that the transition time is smaller than the monitoring time. Individuals who test negative are right-censored since we know only that the transition time is greater than the monitoring time. The transition time is not observed directly. For our method, we assume the hazard rate is well-defined after the time we start screening. We assume further the mortality rates for HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals are known. The method is illustrated using HIV-prevalence data collected over four years among women in Cape Town, South Africa.

show abstract

Estimating the seroincidence of HIV-1 in the general adult population in Kigali, Rwanda

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Should screening of genital infections be part of antenatal care in areas of high HIV prevalence? A prospective cohort study from Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1993. The Pregnancy and HIV (EGE) Group.

Should screening of genital infections be part of antenatal care in areas of high HIV prevalence? A prospective cohort study from Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1993. The Pregnancy and HIV (EGE) Group.

Current trends in Rwanda's HIV/AIDS epidemic

Estimating HIV hazard rates from cross-sectional HIV prevalence data

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About