Estimating the sensorimotor components of cybersickness

Weech, Séamas; Varghese, Jessy Parokaran; Barnett‐Cowan, Michael

doi:10.1101/318758

Cited by 11 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…All other correlations between objective and subjective indices were non-significant. While the lack of strong correlation between the two measurement classes was unexpected, discrepancies between postural and subjective measures of vection have been reported before (Delorme & Martin, 1986;Fujii et al, 2019;Kawakita et al 2000;Palmisano et al, 2014;Weech et al, 2018). Our finding reiterates the need to concurrently evaluate objective and subjective vection indices in studies such as these, as evidence is accruing that there may be a major dissociation in the results obtained by these two approaches to measuring the 'same' percept.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Vection is accompanied by postural reflexes that indicate the engagement of motor strategies that aim to maintain stable control of the body during perceived self-motion (Berthoz et al, 1979). Recent evidence suggests that postural excursions during vection hold strong predictive power in models that classify susceptibility to motion sickness at the individual level (Keshavarz et al, 2015;Weech et al, 2018).Several other insights have been provided by studies on vection, including the neural basis of self-motion perception (e.g., Brandt et al, 1998;Kovács et al, 2008;Wada et al, 2016) and the relationship between visual eccentricity and self-motion (Johansson; Post, 1988;Nakamura & Shimojo, 1998). Studies of vection have an applied focus: Recently, the possibility of improving virtual reality experiences using vection has been investigated by several groups (Nakamura et al, 2016;Riecke, 2010;Riecke et al, 2015;Weech & Troje, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Limits of subjective and objective vection for ultra-high frame rate visual displays

et al. 2020

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Large-field optic flow generates the illusory percept of self-motion, termed 'vection'. Smoother visual motion displays generate a more compelling subjective sense of vection and objective postural responses, as well as a greater sense of immersiveness for the user observing the visual display. Research suggests that the function linking frame rate and vection asymptotes at 60 frames per second (FPS), but previous studies have used only moderate frame rates that do not approach the limits of human perception. Here, we measure vection using subjective and objective (mean frequency and path length of postural centre-ofpressure (COP) excursions) responses following the presentation of high-contrast optic flow stimuli at slow and fast speeds and low and ultra-high frame rates. We achieve this using a novel rendering method implemented with a projector capable of sub-millisecond temporal resolution in order to simulate refresh rates ranging from very low (15 FPS) to ultra-high frame rates (480 FPS). The results suggest that subjective vection was experienced most strongly at 60 FPS. Below and above 60 FPS, subjective vection is generally weaker, shorter, and starts later, although this pattern varied slightly according to the speed of stimuli. For objective measures, while the frequency of postural sway was unaffected by frame rate, COP path length was greatest for 480 FPS stimuli. Together, our results support diminishing returns for vection above 60 FPS and provide insight into the use of high frame rate for enhancing the user experience in visual displays.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limits of subjective and objective vection for ultra-high frame rate visual displays

et al. 2020

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“…Sensory conflict is hypothesized to arise from discrepancies between the current pattern of multisensory input and the pattern expected on the basis of past interactions with the environment (Oman, 1982;Reason, 1978). The hypothesis proposes an antagonistic process in which some inputs are suppressed in favor of others, and in which adaptation consists of changes in weights (e.g., Gallagher & Ferrè, 2018;Weech, Varghese, & Barnett-Cowan, 2018). Variants of sensory conflict hypothesis have been proposed, such as Treisman's (1977) poison hypothesis, which argues that perception requires sense-specific spatial reference systems, and that ingested toxins produce "mismatches between the systems" (p. 494).…”

Section: Ecological Hypothesis: Postural Instability and Cybersickness (Stoffregen)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Causes of and Solutions for Cybersickness in Immersive Technology: Reformulation of a Research and Development Agenda

Stanney¹,

Lawson

Rokers

et al. 2020

International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction

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107

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Immersive technologies, such as virtual and augmented reality, initially failed to live up to expectations, but have improved greatly, with many new head-worn displays and associated applications being released over the past few years. Unfortunately, 'cybersickness' remains as a common user problem that must be overcome if mass adoption is to be realized. This article evaluates the state of research on this problem, identifies challenges that must be addressed, and formulates an updated cybersickness research and development (R&D) agenda. The new agenda recommends prioritizing creation of powerful, lightweight, and untethered head-worn displays, reduction of visual latencies, standardization of symptom and aftereffect measurement, development of improved countermeasures, and improved understanding of the magnitude of the problem and its implications for job performance. Some of these priorities are unresolved problems from the original agenda which should get increased attention now that immersive technologies are proliferating widely. If the resulting R&D agenda is carefully executed, it should render cybersickness a challenge of the past and accelerate mass adoption of immersive technologies to enhance training, performance, and recreation.

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“…None of the authors administered hearing tests [ 53 - 59 ]. Only Benham [ 53 ] and Parijat et al [ 57 , 58 ] took any measurement of cybersickness [ 80 ]. In most of the studies, it was unclear whether the researchers used a participatory approach by inviting older adults to contribute to the design and conduct of the intervention [ 81 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Virtual Reality in Improving Health Outcomes for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review

et al. 2020

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Background Virtual reality (VR) delivered through immersive headsets creates an opportunity to deliver interventions to improve physical, mental, and psychosocial health outcomes. VR app studies with older adults have primarily focused on rehabilitation and physical function including gait, balance, fall prevention, pain management, and cognition. Several systematic reviews have previously been conducted, but much of the extant literature is focused on rehabilitation or other institutional settings, and little is known about the effectiveness of VR apps using immersive headsets to target health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults. Objective The objective of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of VR apps delivered using commercially available immersive headsets to improve physical, mental, or psychosocial health outcomes in community-dwelling older adults. Methods Peer-reviewed publications that included community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years residing in residential aged care settings and nursing homes were included. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness evidence. The title of this review was registered with JBI, and the systematic review protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. Results In total, 7 studies that specifically included community-dwelling older adults were included in this review. VR apps using a head-mounted display led to improvements in a number of health outcomes, including pain management, posture, cognitive functioning specifically related to Alzheimer disease, and a decreased risk of falls. A total of 6 studies reported a statistically significant difference post VR intervention, and 1 study reported an improvement in cognitive function to reduce navigational errors. Only one study reported on the usability and acceptability of the interventions delivered through VR. While one study used a distraction mechanism for pain management, none of the studies used gaming technology to promote enjoyment. Conclusions Interventions to improve health outcomes through VR have demonstrated potential; however, the ability to synthesize findings by primary outcome for the older adult population is not possible. A number of factors, especially related to frailty, usability, and acceptability, also need to be explored before more substantial recommendations on the effectiveness of VR interventions for older adults can be made. Trial Registration PROSPERO CRD42019143504; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=143504

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Estimating the sensorimotor components of cybersickness

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Limits of subjective and objective vection for ultra-high frame rate visual displays

Limits of subjective and objective vection for ultra-high frame rate visual displays

Identifying Causes of and Solutions for Cybersickness in Immersive Technology: Reformulation of a Research and Development Agenda

The Role of Virtual Reality in Improving Health Outcomes for Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Systematic Review

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