Estimating the Risk of Attempted Suicide Among Sexual Minority Youths

Giacomo, Ester di; Krausz, Micheal; Colmegna, Fabrizia; Aspesi, Flora; Clerici, Massimo

doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.2731

Cited by 172 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(82 reference statements)

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“…Careful consideration is warranted in how sex and gender are evaluated and categorized for analyses, including the importance of allowing subjects to identify by gender and that this self-identification of gender is considered in all studies. This is particularly important because transgender and sexual-minority individuals are at increased risk for STBs and death by suicide [199,200]. Collectively, these STB neuroimaging research data highlight the urgent need for future work on sex and gender.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a comprehensive review of 2 decades of neuroimaging studies

et al. 2019

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Identifying brain alterations that contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are important to develop more targeted and effective strategies to prevent suicide. In the last decade, and especially in the last 5 years, there has been exponential growth in the number of neuroimaging studies reporting structural and functional brain circuitry correlates of STBs. Within this narrative review, we conducted a comprehensive review of neuroimaging studies of STBs published to date and summarize the progress achieved on elucidating neurobiological substrates of STBs, with a focus on converging findings across studies. We review neuroimaging evidence across differing mental disorders for structural, functional, and molecular alterations in association with STBs, which converges particularly in regions of brain systems that subserve emotion and impulse regulation including the ventral prefrontal cortex (VPFC) and dorsal PFC (DPFC), insula and their mesial temporal, striatal and posterior connection sites, as well as in the connections between these brain areas. The reviewed literature suggests that impairments in medial and lateral VPFC regions and their connections may be important in the excessive negative and blunted positive internal states that can stimulate suicidal ideation, and that impairments in a DPFC and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) system may be important in suicide attempt behaviors. A combination of VPFC and DPFC system disturbances may lead to very high risk circumstances in which suicidal ideation is converted to lethal actions via decreased top-down inhibition of behavior and/or maladaptive, inflexible decision-making and planning. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and insula may play important roles in switching between these VPFC and DPFC systems, which may contribute to the transition from suicide thoughts to behaviors. Future neuroimaging research of larger sample sizes, including global efforts, longitudinal designs, and careful consideration of developmental stages, and sex and gender, will facilitate more effectively targeted preventions and interventions to reduce loss of life to suicide.

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Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a comprehensive review of 2 decades of neuroimaging studies

et al. 2019

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“…Studies that use future iterations of CHIS can determine whether the health benefits we found continue over time and whether other self‐reported health benefits emerge. For example, extant research suggests that marriage equality has, at minimum, mental health benefits for nonheterosexual youth for whom suicide is the second most frequent cause of death (di Giacomo et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health‐Related Influences of Extending Marital Benefits to Same‐Sex Couples: Results From the California Health Interview Survey

Elwood

Irvin

Liu³

et al. 2020

Family Relations

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Objective To explore how incremental California legal changes toward the implementation of same‐sex marriage influenced self‐reported mental and physical health among adult Californians in legal same‐sex marriages and partnerships. Methods We analyzed California Health Interview Survey data from 2005 to 2015 to assess the relationship between self‐reported mental and physical health and legal same‐sex marital/partnership status. Physical health was measured using a single self‐report question, mental health using the six‐item Kessler distress scale. Independent variables were sexual identity and legal marital/partner status. Bivariate analyses compared mental and physical health before and after the 2008 California Supreme Court decision affirming marriages as a basic civil or human right. Multivariate analyses tested relationships between marital/partnered status, sexual identity by year after adjusting for sociodemographics. Results Reports of poor and fair health decreased, reports of very good health increased, and psychological distress scores decreased for legally coupled gay men and lesbians but increased slightly for single lesbians and gay men. Household income increased among espoused lesbians and gay men and decreased among unmarried counterparts. Conclusions Espoused gay and lesbian respondents were more likely to be employed and to have college educations than unmarried counterparts, perhaps a continuing influence of 2005 California legislation requiring private employers to provide health insurance benefits to employees' same‐sex partners. Our findings suggest that physical and mental health improved for lesbians and gay men once same‐sex marriage became legal throughout California. Implications These findings demonstrate a need for survey questions to elicit information about marital status and the sex/gender of a respondent's spouse inclusive of sexual and gender identities.

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“…1 Such psychosocial challenges predispose them to poor mental health and well-being. 2 Scientific evidence from empirical studies has been synthesized in several systematic reviews and meta-analyses, which highlighted a high burden of psychological and psychiatric conditions among sexual and gender minorities around the world 1, [3][4][5] . A meta-analysis found a significant correlation (r=.25, p=.001) between minority stress and adverse mental health among gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving mental health and wellbeing among sexual and gender minorities using digital interventions: a systematic review

Tasnim¹,

Nf²,

Fan³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background:High burden of mental disorders among sexual minorities including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population is well documented. Digital platforms are increasingly being used by sexual minorities to communicate with each other, but there is no systematic review of digital interventions that can improve mental health among sexual minorities. This systematic review identified and evaluated the digital interventions for mental health among different sexual minorities.Methodology:We searched literature from six major databases and included studies published in the English language, describing interventions that have a component to improve mental health among any of the sexual minorities delivered through any of the digital platforms, and reporting mental health outcomes.Results:Among 1936 citations, only 11 studies fulfilled our criteria. In those studies, most (n=9) interventions were implemented in the U.S. The interventions included varying components including on increasing acceptance and affirmation, increase social support and health education, cognitive behavioral therapy to manage stress, depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. Only 6 studies had randomized control design. Most of the studies reported reduction in bi/homonegativity and increased affirmation, decreased smoking and substance abuse, improved coping skills, reduced level of depression, anxiety, and stress among participants in the intervention groups.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that evaluated digital intervention for mental health among sexual and gender minorities. Despite a low number of studies and heterogeneity across studies, the findings suggest potential improvements in mental health among sexual and gender minorities using digital interventions.

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Estimating the Risk of Attempted Suicide Among Sexual Minority Youths

Cited by 172 publications

References 54 publications

Imaging suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a comprehensive review of 2 decades of neuroimaging studies

Imaging suicidal thoughts and behaviors: a comprehensive review of 2 decades of neuroimaging studies

Health‐Related Influences of Extending Marital Benefits to Same‐Sex Couples: Results From the California Health Interview Survey

Improving mental health and wellbeing among sexual and gender minorities using digital interventions: a systematic review

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