Estimating the numbers of refugees in London

Bardsley, Martin; Storkey, M

doi:10.1093/pubmed/22.3.406

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In these countries, the available health resources cannot cover more than 1 % of needs, in terms of HIV treatment and prophylaxis [1,2,22,23]. The immigration of individuals coming from developing areas of the world to industrialized regions is responsible for a direct increase of imported infectious diseases (which are endemic in countries of origin), and an indirect rise of infectious illnesses related to poverty, poor socio-economic conditions, substance abuse, sex working, reduced levels of personal and community hygiene, and limited health care delivery [1,7,10,13,14,[17][18][19][20][21][22]24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Almost all metropolitan areas of Western Europe have registered a steady increase in the number of people recently immigrated because of socio-economic or political reasons. As a consequence, appropriate strategies of health care and prevention are needed [15,20,21,24,26,28]. Further concerns stem from the recent report of HIV-1 serotypes other than B (usually imported from outside Europe), in Iceland, Spain, and other European countries, as a potential consequence of contacts with persons from developing countries, through travel or immigration [19,29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV disease among immigrants coming to Italy from outside of the European Union: a case-control study of epidemiological and clinical features

2001

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The epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic features of HIV disease diagnosed in 41 immigrants from outside of the European Union (EU), were compared with those of 123 Italian and EU patients, in a cross-sectional case-control study, with individuals matched according to age and gender. In total 4.15% of our patients came from outside of the EU (51.2% of them from subsaharan Africa), with a proportional predominance of females, and heterosexual and perinatal transmission of HIV disease (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.02, respectively). Compared with Italian and EU subjects, patients coming from abroad had a shorter duration of known HIV infection (P < 0.001), but only some subjects were aware of their HIV disease prior to immigration, or acquired HIV infection only after coming to Italy (14.6% and 12.2%, respectively). No cases of HIV-2 infection or co-infection were detected in either study group. Compared with controls, patients coming from outside of the EU had a comparable clinical and immunological status, and had similar antiretroviral therapy, which was administered earlier (P < 0.0001), and proved better tolerated (P < 0.04), than in Italian and EU subjects. The apparently more limited virological response (as expressed by a higher mean plasma viral load, and a lower rate of viral suppression at the last visit; P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively), was probably a bias due to the shorter mean overall follow-up time (P < 0.0001), and the shorter mean duration of antiretroviral treatment (11.1 +/- 2.2 months of immigrants vs. 16.2 +/- 6.7 months of controls; P < 0.0001).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV disease among immigrants coming to Italy from outside of the European Union: a case-control study of epidemiological and clinical features

2001

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“…A third potential problem with the data is that some sources account for illegal immigration, refugees and asylees, while others do not distinguish the foreign‐born population by their legal status (Bardsley and Storkey, 2000). Hence, some cities may under‐report foreign‐born.…”

Section: Cultural Globalization Immigration and World Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Globalization from Below: The Ranking of Global Immigrant Cities

Benton–Short

Price

Friedman

2005

Int J Urban Regional Res

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The purpose of this essay is to present a new database and index for urban immigrant destinations and contrast it with existing rankings of world cities. Most world city rankings privilege economic measurements, ignoring immigration as an important component of world city formation. We argue that immigration is a powerful example of 'globalization from below' and needs to be integrated into our understanding of global city dynamics. By linking global cities and immigration, this research highlights those cities that are experiencing dramatic socio-cultural changes brought about by large and often diverse streams of immigrants.With the systematic assessment of urban immigrant destinations, cities that are often ignored in the global cities literature (such as Dubai or Tel Aviv) may invite more scholarly attention. Our research also demonstrates that many global cities are largely bypassed by immigrants. Thus, the value of ranking urban immigrant destinations lies in revealing a range of urban outcomes from the hyper diversity of London to the largely bypassed nature of Tokyo. Since a systematic study of the world's urban immigrant destinations does not exist, this study begins to fill the empirical void and in the process we hope to generate new ways of conceptualizing socio-cultural change in global cities.In cities around the world, unprecedented levels of global immigration challenge us to assess how and where immigrants are influencing the political, economic, social and cultural dimensions of cities. This huge task is beyond any one scholar or research team but will best be carried out by a number of detailed urban case studies (for example see Ley and Murphy, 2001; Anisef and Lanphier, 2003;Stepick et al. , 2003; Price et al. , 2005). The goal of this research is to expand the range of criteria used to assess the 'globalness' of cities, to inspire others to include immigration in world cities research, and to call attention to cities experiencing dramatic social and demographic change due to immigration.It is impossible to understand the processes of globalization without studying cities, since they are the central locale for globalization. Urban geographers and sociologists, among others, have attempted to give meaning and coherence to the rapid and dramatic changes to cities in the past 30 years (for example, Hall, 1984;Sassen, 1991; Knox and Taylor, 1995;Clark, 1996; Short and Kim, 1999;Nijman, 2000;Robinson, 2002;Samers, 2002). There appears to be consensus that cities and the dynamics of urbanization have been changed by the intensification of global processes. The most important cities -the command and control centers for economic, political or cultural globalization -are called world cities. World cities have been defined as: major sites for the accumulation of capital; command points in the world economy; headquarters for corporations; important hubs of global transportation and communication; intensified

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“…Flow data typically provide a break-down of different immigrant categories (permanent settlers, guest workers, students, agricultural laborers or asylum seekers) that are not always found when examining foreign-born stock data and thus are valuable for immigration scholars (Bardsley and Storkey 2000). Yet flow data are inconsistently available from country to country and they rarely report the flow of immigrants at the urban-scale, which makes these data problematic given the objectives of this research.…”

Section: Methodology and Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immigrants and world cities: from the hyper-diverse to the bypassed

Price

Benton–Short

2007

GeoJournal

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A relationship between globalization, cities and immigration is increasingly apparent. Whether one is trying to understand Dubai, Toronto, or London, immigrants are culturally, economically, and spatially changing cities in significant ways. This study compares the roster of world cities with that of major urban immigrant destinations. The number of major urban immigrant destinations is growing due to the acceleration of immigration driven by income differentials, social networks and various state and local policies to recruit skilled and unskilled labor and replenish population. This study will present urban-level data on the foreign-born for 145 metropolitan areas of over 1 million people. It will focus on the world's 19 metropolitan areas with over 1 million foreign-born residents. Analysis of the data suggests that there is a range of destination types. Although not all world cities are immigrant gateways, many are.

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Estimating the numbers of refugees in London

Cited by 17 publications

References 8 publications

HIV disease among immigrants coming to Italy from outside of the European Union: a case-control study of epidemiological and clinical features

HIV disease among immigrants coming to Italy from outside of the European Union: a case-control study of epidemiological and clinical features

Globalization from Below: The Ranking of Global Immigrant Cities

Immigrants and world cities: from the hyper-diverse to the bypassed

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