Estimating the Number of Vulnerable People in the United States Exposed to Residential Wood Smoke

Noonan, Curtis W.; Ward, Tony; Semmens, Erin O.

doi:10.1289/ehp.1409136

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Globally, household air pollution is one of the top four contributors to mortality (Lim et al, 2012). It is estimated that within the United States alone, there are approximately 4.8 million susceptible individuals that live in homes with residential wood stoves, leading to exposures to indoor wood smoke–derived PM and associated endotoxin for this population (Noonan et al, 2015). The results presented here provide a novel approach to reducing exposure to in-home biomass smoke, specifically PMc and airborne endotoxin, through the use of simple, low-cost filter units.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both systems are widely available, economical, and simple to use. As it has been estimated that 4.8 million susceptible individuals live in homes with significant exposures to residential wood smoke (Noonan et al, 2015), evaluating interventions that reduce these indoor exposures is important when considering the potential corresponding improvements to human health. To this end, our team has evaluated high efficiency air filtration technologies in wood burning homes, and have observed consistent reductions (~60%) in indoor wood smoke PM across multiple locations (Hart et al, 2011a; Ward et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reducing indoor air pollutants with air filtration units in wood stove homes

McNamara

Thornburg

Semmens

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reducing indoor air pollutants with air filtration units in wood stove homes

McNamara

Thornburg

Semmens

et al. 2017

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Residential heating devices can be a large contributor to ambient PM, notably in rural communities; the majority of these heating sources are old and inefficient, resulting in high levels of PM emissions [ 142 ]. The Consumer Product Safety Commission estimates that there are nearly 9 million wood stoves currently in use in the US [ 143 ]. Estimates of the contribution of wood-burning to ambient air quality can vary widely [ 144 ], but wood smoke accounts for 80–90% of the PM concentrations in communities with a high proportion of wood-burning households [ 145 ].…”

Section: Indoor Air Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Outcomes

Tiotiu

Novakova

Nedeva

et al. 2020

IJERPH

273

151

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by variable airflow obstruction, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and airway inflammation. Evidence suggests that air pollution has a negative impact on asthma outcomes in both adult and pediatric populations. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the effect of various outdoor and indoor pollutants on asthma outcomes, their burden on its management, as well as to highlight the measures that could result in improved asthma outcomes. Traffic-related air pollution, nitrogen dioxide and second-hand smoking (SHS) exposures represent significant risk factors for asthma development in children. Nevertheless, a causal relation between air pollution and development of adult asthma is not clearly established. Exposure to outdoor pollutants can induce asthma symptoms, exacerbations and decreases in lung function. Active tobacco smoking is associated with poorer asthma control, while exposure to SHS increases the risk of asthma exacerbations, respiratory symptoms and healthcare utilization. Other indoor pollutants such as heating sources and molds can also negatively impact the course of asthma. Global measures, that aim to reduce exposure to air pollutants, are highly needed in order to improve the outcomes and management of adult and pediatric asthma in addition to the existing guidelines.

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“…Nevertheless, burning wood for residential heating is an important PM exposure source in many developed countries, particularly in rural settings. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that there are

homes that use wood as a primary or secondary heating fuel ( U.S. Department of Energy 2009 ), translating to more than three million children living in woodstove-heated homes ( Noonan et al 2015 ). Estimates of the contribution of wood-burning to ambient air quality can vary widely ( Naeher et al 2007 ), but woodsmoke accounts for 80– 90% of the ambient PM concentrations in communities with a high proportion of wood-burning households ( Johnston et al 2013 ; McGowan et al 2002 ; Ward and Lange 2010 ; Ward et al 2006 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized Trial of Interventions to Improve Childhood Asthma in Homes with Wood-burning Stoves

Noonan

Semmens

Smith

et al. 2017

Environ Health Perspect

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Background:Household air pollution due to biomass combustion for residential heating adversely affects vulnerable populations. Randomized controlled trials to improve indoor air quality in homes of children with asthma are limited, and no such studies have been conducted in homes using wood for heating.Objectives:Our aims were to test the hypothesis that household-level interventions, specifically improved-technology wood-burning appliances or air-filtration devices, would improve health measures, in particular Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PAQLQ) scores, relative to placebo, among children living with asthma in homes with wood-burning stoves.Methods:A three-arm placebo-controlled randomized trial was conducted in homes with wood-burning stoves among children with asthma. Multiple preintervention and postintervention data included PAQLQ (primary outcome), peak expiratory flow (PEF) monitoring, diurnal peak flow variability (dPFV, an indicator of airway hyperreactivity) and indoor particulate matter (PM) PM2.5.Results:Relative to placebo, neither the air filter nor the woodstove intervention showed improvement in quality-of-life measures. Among the secondary outcomes, dPFV showed a 4.1 percentage point decrease in variability [95% confidence interval (CI)=−7.8 to −0.4] for air-filtration use in comparison with placebo. The air-filter intervention showed a 67% (95% CI: 50% to 77%) reduction in indoor PM2.5, but no change was observed with the improved-technology woodstove intervention.Conclusions:Among children with asthma and chronic exposure to woodsmoke, an air-filter intervention that improved indoor air quality did not affect quality-of-life measures. Intent-to-treat analysis did show an improvement in the secondary measure of dPFV.Trial registration:ClincialTrials.gov NCT00807183. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP849

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Estimating the Number of Vulnerable People in the United States Exposed to Residential Wood Smoke

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Reducing indoor air pollutants with air filtration units in wood stove homes

Reducing indoor air pollutants with air filtration units in wood stove homes

Impact of Air Pollution on Asthma Outcomes

Randomized Trial of Interventions to Improve Childhood Asthma in Homes with Wood-burning Stoves

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