Estimating the number of people who inject drugs and syringe coverage in Australia, 2005–2016

Kwon, Jisoo; Iversen, Jenny; Law, Matthew; Dolan, Kate; Wand, Handan; Maher, Lisa

doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.033

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 29 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the second study, also retrospective, from Geelong, Victoria, IDU‐related IE comprised 9% (21/226) of total IE cases between 2002 and 2006, and 2009 and 2015 14 . Similar to international cohorts, they noted a marked increase in the rate of IDU‐related IE comparing two periods (0.48 cases per 100 000 person years in 2002–2006 to 0.79 cases per 100 000 person years in 2009–2013) 6,14–16 . It was estimated to be the cause of 5–20% of hospital admissions and 5–10% of deaths 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The number of people who inject drugs (PWID) and their methods of injecting are just two factors that may alter the incidence of IE. 5,6 Injecting non-powder drug forms (e.g. tablets and capsules) and in high-risk injecting sites (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14 Similar to international cohorts, they noted a marked increase in the rate of IDU-related IE comparing two periods (0.48 cases per 100 000 person years in 2002-2006 to 0.79 cases per 100 000 person years in 2009-2013). 6,14,16 It was estimated to be the cause of 5-20% of hospital admissions and 5-10% of deaths. 14 Most recently, a retrospective study from Melbourne, Victoria, identified 55 episodes of IDU-related IE episodes out of 306 episodes of IE (18%) over a 7-year period (2008-2015); 13 14.5% of these episodes resulted in death.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Injection drug use (IDU) is an established risk factor for IE and in a recent systematic review accounted for up to 37% of all IE, 1 though this is likely to vary by region. The number of people who inject drugs (PWID) and their methods of injecting are just two factors that may alter the incidence of IE 5–6 . Injecting non‐powder drug forms (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Burden of infective endocarditis in an Australian cohort of people who inject drugs

Low

Krishnaswamy

Woolley

et al. 2020

Internal Medicine Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) results in substantial morbidity and mortality in people who inject drugs (PWID). Aims: To describe the burden of IE and its outcomes in PWID. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of adults admitted to a tertiary referral centre in Melbourne, Australia, with IE due to injection drug use from 1997 to 2015. Results: Ninety-seven PWID with 127 episodes of IE were identified with a median acute inpatient stay of 37 days (1-84). Admission to an intensive care unit was required in 67/127 (53%) episodes. Twenty-seven percent (34/127) of episodes occurred in patients with a previous episode of endocarditis. One third (43/127, 34%) of episodes involved leftsided cardiac valves. Antimicrobial treatment was completed in 88 (70%) episodes. Valve surgery was performed in 25/127 (20%) episodes. Predictors of surgery in univariable analysis were left-sided cardiac involvement (risk ratio (RR) 6.0), severe valvular regurgitation (RR 2.6) and cardiac failure (RR 2.2) (all P < 0.005). Twenty (16%) episodes resulted in death. Predictors of mortality on univariable analysis were left-sided cardiac involvement (RR 6.4), and not completing treatment (RR 0.12; both P < 0.001). The average estimated cost per episode was AU$74 168. Conclusions: IE causes a considerable burden of disease in PWID, with significant healthcare utilisation and cost. Surgery and death are not infrequent complications. In addition to ensuring completion of antimicrobial therapy, strategies such as opioid maintenance programmes may be useful in improving health outcomes for PWID.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Burden of infective endocarditis in an Australian cohort of people who inject drugs

Low

Krishnaswamy

Woolley

et al. 2020

Internal Medicine Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Indeed, approximately one‐third of participants in this study had not accessed NSP during the previous 6 months. Utilization of a population‐level measure that takes frequency of injection into account can provide an estimate of the number of syringes required to cover all injections among a given population of PWID and a mechanism to monitor and evaluate progress [19]. Population‐level coverage measures will be crucial to optimizing harm reduction interventions to prevent future HIV outbreaks in rural and other settings.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%