Estimating the influenza vaccine effectiveness in elderly on a yearly basis using the Spanish influenza surveillance network—Pilot case–control studies using different control groups, 2008–2009 season, Spain

Potential of the test-negative design for measuring influenza vaccine effectiveness: a systematic review

“…The majority of studies made VE estimates for patients of all ages (n=48; one excluded children <10y [85]), with the remainder targeted at adults (≥15y; n=12; 2 restricted to adults ≥50y [27, 87]), children (n=9 [19, 26, 29, 31, 47, 59, 62, 81, 94]), elderly (n=4 [51, 53, 72, 95]), children and adults aged 50+ (n=1 [84]), pregnant women (n=1 [89]), military (n=2 [28, 40]), healthcare workers (n=1 [42]) or people at high-risk or in a target group for vaccination (n=7 [14, 18, 20, 25, 43, 44, 52]).…”

“…Thus, many studies limited the recruitment of patients to those presenting soon after illness onset to reduce the likelihood of a false negative test result (reduced sensitivity). Swabs were taken from patients presenting within 29 days of symptom onset (n=3 [38, 63, 107]), 10 days (n=2 [108, 88]), 9 days (n=2 [18, 25]), 8 days (n=1 [89]), 7 days (n=29), 5 days (n=1 [109]) 4 days (n=10), 3 days (n=7 [27, 28, 40, 44, 46, 47, 72]). Twenty-six studies did not restrict or did not specify how they restricted patients.…”

Effectiveness of vaccination with the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Nicaragua as determined using the screening method

“…This method of evaluating VE has been shown to result in estimates that are generally similar to those generated from case-control studies and has helped to verify estimates observed in clinical trials. 16,[18][19][20][21] The aim of the current study was to evaluate the utility and limitations of a screening methodology to estimate VE, particularly in a developing world country with a high coverage rate, and to compare this estimate with that obtained from the case-control studies conducted in Nicaragua during the same 1-y period.…”

Early estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness in Europe, 2010/11: I-MOVE, a multicentre case–control study

“…The Influenza Monitoring Vaccine Effectiveness in Europe (I-MOVE) network was established in 2007 by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) to monitor seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccine effectiveness [1][2][3]. In the 2010/11 season, to estimate the effectiveness of the seasonal vaccine in preventing medically attended influenzalike illness (ILI) laboratory confirmed as influenza we undertook a multicentre case-control study based on sentinel practitioner surveillance networks from eight study sites (France, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Romania, Poland, Portugal and Spain).…”