Estimating the Increase in Regional Evaporative Water Consumption as a Result of Vegetation Restoration Over the Loess Plateau, China

Shao, Rui; Zhang, Baoqing; Su, Tongxuan; Long, Biao; Cheng, Linyin; Xue, Yayong; Yang, Wenjing

doi:10.1029/2019jd031295

Cited by 114 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 94 publications

(119 reference statements)

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“…The spatial patterns of modeled mean annual ET and the percentage of ET components were shown in Figure 5. Generally, the annual ET over the study region exhibited large spatial heterogeneity and showed gradients increasing from the northwestern parts to the southeastern parts, which was consistent with previous studies (Jin et al, 2017; Shao et al, 2019). Annual ET was generally higher than 400 mm yr −1 in the mountainous and southeastern plateau where forest and irrigated cropland were distributed (Figure 5a).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…For the long-term sustainability of water resources, vegetation restoration and agricultural land management should fully consider local water resources, as the current vegetation cover has already approached sustainable water resource limits (Feng et al, 2016;Liang et al, 2019). Future climate scenarios showed that the increasing rate of precipitation was similar to that of ET (Shao et al, 2019), which can maintain a Figure 16. Causal network.…”

Section: 1029/2020jd033380mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, much work has focused on soil moisture, groundwater recharge, and water yield but pay less attention to the dynamics of ET which is the most active process in the regional hydrological cycle. Until recently, some researchers have explored the variation of ET in response to climate change and human activities (Gao et al, 2020; Jin et al, 2017; Lv et al, 2019; Shao et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2020). However, most of these research efforts were limited to specific regions or within shorter periods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid Urbanization and Agricultural Intensification Increase Regional Evaporative Water Consumption of the Loess Plateau

Liang

Zhang²,

Jing-bo

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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Changing evapotranspiration (ET) will impact freshwater availability, knowledge of which is a critical prerequisite for policy development related to water resources management in an evolving climate, especially for water-limited regions. However, the socioeconomic effects are not considered due to the lack of detailed information about this. Here we used a well-validated remote sensing model and multiple socioeconomic factors to investigate the driving factors of ET changes over the Loess Plateau during 1982-2012. Results showed that the modeled annual ET significantly increased by~2 mm yr −2 during this period (p < 0.001), caused by increased transpiration (2.16 mm yr −2) and interception (0.27 mm yr −2), which was partly offset by decreased soil evaporation (−0.47 mm yr −2). Meanwhile, although the average ET of the forest was larger (480.4 ± 14.8 mm yr −1), it was found that the change in total ET of the region was dominated by that in grassland and cropland (1.1 km 3 yr −2 , 90% altogether). Factorial simulations indicated that the intensifying ET over 79.4% and 9.1% of the study area can be explained by vegetation greening and climate change, respectively. Further analysis suggested that the vegetation greening and the increased ET were primarily associated with the rapid urbanization and agricultural intensification. Our findings highlight the potential unfavorable effects of socioeconomic activities on water resources management on this coupled natural-human system that is already facing water scarcity issues. 1. Introduction Water is especially valuable for food production and ecosystem functioning (Immerzeel et al., 2020; Oki & Kanae, 2006). Global trends of population growth, rising living standards, and rapidly increasing urbanization are increasing the demand for water resources (Florke et al., 2013; Steffen et al., 2015; Wada et al., 2014). Added to this is the growing threat of climate change which will have enormous effects on water availability, and thus challenge global sustainable development (Qin et al., 2020). It has been reported that water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise. Over 1.7 billion people are currently living in river basins where water use exceeds recharge (https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ water-and-sanitation/). The contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources is particularly strong in arid and semi-arid regions where these competing uses can be found upstream, downstream, and sometimes across borders (

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: 1029/2020jd033380mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Rapid Urbanization and Agricultural Intensification Increase Regional Evaporative Water Consumption of the Loess Plateau

Liang

Zhang²,

Jing-bo

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Through the analysis of the four climate change scenarios, the overall trends are relatively consistent. Relevant studies mostly use SSP370 as a representative model to analyze climate change (Shao et al, 2019;Butchart et al, 2020). This study also used the SSP370 model to analyze the snowfall trend of the Huaihe River Basin.…”

Section: Analysis Of the Evolution Of Snowfall Under Climate Change Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Variability and Future Evolution of Snowfall Trends in the Huaihe River Basin Under Climate Change

Dong

Zhu

et al. 2020

Front. Earth Sci.

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Global warming changes the characteristics of regional climate and crop growth environments and affects human production and life in the long term. In this study, historical snowfall observation data from 199 conventional meteorological stations in the Huaihe River Basin were analyzed with the climate trend method, the nonparametric Mann-Kendall (M-K) test and the sliding t test to determine the variability and abrupt changes in climate trends in the Huaihe River Basin during 1951-2018. Then, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6 datasets were used to analyze the evolutionary trend of snowfall under four climate change scenarios in 2015-2065. The results show the following: 1) Due to climate warming, both the historical data and the simulated data under different climate change scenarios show declining snowfall in the Huaihe River Basin. 2) Based on the analysis of historical data from meteorological stations, the snow events had a clear latitudinal distribution-the higher the latitude, the lower the occurrence of snow events. In contrast, as shown by the analysis results obtained under different climate change scenarios, the snow mass flux had a clear longitudinal distribution-the higher the longitude, the higher the snow mass flux. 3) In Scenario SSP370, 2050 is important because the snowfall changes from decreasing to increasing, and in 2065, the snowfall in most areas of the basin is greater than that in 2050. Furthermore, the snowfall along the southeastern coast of the basin has the greatest variability.

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“…Vegetation can regulate water yield by changing water and heat conditions of the underlying surface and is also key element of ecosystem (Creed et al, 2014; Farley et al, 2005; Wei et al, 2018; Woodward et al, 2014; Zhang et al, 2020; Zhang, Yang, McVicar, & Yang, 2018). In recent years, vegetation dynamics have been significantly influenced by the large‐scale ecological rehabilitation, especially in China's inland rivers (Cheng et al, 2014; Feng et al, 2015; Shao et al, 2019). However, it is still not clear to what extent vegetation dynamics influence the balance between ecological stability and water yield in the upstream, partly due to the sparseness of monitoring data which can be used to quantify regional vegetation dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rational Planning of Land Use Can Maintain Water Yield Without Damaging Ecological Stability in Upstream of Inland River: Case Study in the Hei River Basin of China

Zhang

et al. 2020

JGR Atmospheres

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Upstream inland rivers provide most of water resources for midstream and downstream in arid and semiarid regions. From the perspective of ecological rehabilitation, it is necessary to simultaneously ensure upstream streamflow while still maintaining economy-ecosystem balance in upstream. However, vegetation dynamics effects caused by ecological rehabilitation cannot be well evaluated in previous studies due to the sparseness of observations at regional scales. With increased availability of vegetation and hydrological data, it is now possible to explore the relationship between water yield and ecological balance affected by vegetation dynamics. This study takes Upper Hei River Basin, part of the Asia's water tower-the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, as an example and uses the Eagleson's ecohydrological model to explore the effects of vegetation dynamics on streamflow and ecology in growing seasons during 1992-2015. We compare scenarios with and without vegetation changes and find that there is limited evidence that ecological rehabilitation could enhance water yield. Approximately 51.31% of Upper Hei River Basin vegetation cover (M) tends to deviate from ecological optimization state compared to equilibrium vegetation cover (M eq). In order to explore ways to ensure streamflow and maintain ecology, different vegetation scenarios are simulated. Results show that on average, grazing in area where M is larger than M eq could increase streamflow by approximately 7.3%/year and planting trees in other area could increase streamflow by approximately 2.9%/year. Therefore, effective control on vegetation dynamics can simultaneously ensure streamflow and maintain ecological balance, which can also provide guidance and theoretical support for upstream inland river planning.

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Estimating the Increase in Regional Evaporative Water Consumption as a Result of Vegetation Restoration Over the Loess Plateau, China

Cited by 114 publications

References 94 publications

Rapid Urbanization and Agricultural Intensification Increase Regional Evaporative Water Consumption of the Loess Plateau

Rapid Urbanization and Agricultural Intensification Increase Regional Evaporative Water Consumption of the Loess Plateau

Analysis of the Variability and Future Evolution of Snowfall Trends in the Huaihe River Basin Under Climate Change

Rational Planning of Land Use Can Maintain Water Yield Without Damaging Ecological Stability in Upstream of Inland River: Case Study in the Hei River Basin of China

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