Estimating the health benefits from natural gas use in transport and heating in Santiago, Chile

Mena‐Carrasco, M.; Oliva, E.; Saide, Pablo E.; Scott, N. A.; Maza, Cristóbal De La; Osses, Mauricio; Tolvett, Sebastián; Campbell, J. Elliott; Tsao, Tsao es Chi Chung; Molina, Luisa T.

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.04.037

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…For low upwind concentrations, a decrease in NO x emissions reduced ozone, whereas for high upwind concentrations an equal decrease in NO x emissions resulted in smaller reductions in ozone or even at times increases in O 3 . Mena-Carrasco et al (2012) studied the effects of using natural gas instead of diesel with respect to air quality and human health. The study -carried out for Santiago, Chile, a region of Mediterranean climate -showed that substitution of natural gas for diesel could drastically reduce the emissions and concentrations of particulate matter, which like ozone is another important metric of air quality.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power plant fuel switching and air quality in a tropical, forested environment

et al. 2017

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Abstract. How a changing energy matrix for electricity production affects air quality is considered for an urban region in a tropical, forested environment. Manaus, the largest city in the central Amazon Basin of Brazil, is in the process of changing its energy matrix for electricity production from fuel oil and diesel to natural gas over an approximately 10-year period, with a minor contribution by hydropower. Three scenarios of urban air quality, specifically afternoon ozone concentrations, were simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model. The first scenario used fuel oil and diesel for electricity production, which was the reality in 2008. The second scenario was based on the fuel mix from 2014, the most current year for which data were available. The third scenario considered nearly complete use of natural gas for electricity production, which is the anticipated future, possibly for 2018. For each case, inventories of anthropogenic emissions were based on electricity generation, refinery operations, and transportation. Transportation and refinery operations were held constant across the three scenarios to focus on effects of power plant fuel switching in a tropical context. The simulated NO x and CO emissions for the urban region decrease by 89 and 55 %, respectively, after the complete change in the energy matrix. The results of the simulations indicate that a change to natural gas significantly decreases maximum afternoon ozone concentrations over the population center, reducing ozone by > 70 % for the most polluted days. The sensitivity of ozone concentrations to the fuel switchover is consistent with a NO xlimited regime, as expected for a tropical forest having high emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, high water vapor concentrations, and abundant solar radiation. There are key differences in a shifting energy matrix in a tropical, forested environment compared to other world environments. Policies favoring the burning of natural gas in place of fuel oil and diesel have great potential for ozone reduction and improved air quality for growing urban regions located in tropical, forested environments around the world.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power plant fuel switching and air quality in a tropical, forested environment

et al. 2017

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“…There were no significant changes in mortality in the control city of Hobart. Santiago, Chile, 2003Mena-Carrasco et al (2012 estimated reductions in PM 2.5 emissions and subsequent health benefits from increased natural gas use in: (a) transport, replacing the diesel bus fleet; and (b) heating, replacing wood burning stoves, in Santiago, Chile, applying two scenarios. Estimated annual reductions of PM 2.5 of 0.33 μg/m 3 and 2.07 μg/m 3 were associated with 36 avoided premature deaths for the transport scenario, and 229 for the natural gas heating scenario, respectively.…”

Section: Change-out Of Wood Stoves and Environmental Regulations In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Broome¹,

Johnston

Horsley

et al. 2016

Medical Journal of Australia

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This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. The answers were developed by a large group of scientists engaged in the WHO project "Review of evidence on health aspects of air pollution -REVIHAAP". The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. Extensive rationales for the answers, including the list of key references, are provided. The review concludes that a considerable amount of new scientific information on the adverse effects on health of particulate matter, ozone and nitrogen dioxide, observed at levels commonly present in Europe, has been published in recent years. This new evidence supports the scientific conclusions of the WHO air quality guidelines, last updated in 2005, and indicates that the effects in some cases occur at air pollution concentrations lower than those serving to establish these guidelines. It also provides scientific arguments for taking decisive actions to improve air quality and reduce the burden of disease associated with air pollution in Europe.This publication arises from the project REVIHAAP and has been co-funded by the European Union. Keywords AIR POLLUTANTS AIR POLLUTION -ADVERSE EFFECTS ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES HEALTH POLICYAddress requests about publications of the WHO Regional Office for Europe to: Publications WHO Regional Office for Europe Scherfigsvej 8 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark Alternatively, complete an online request form for documentation, health information, or for permission to quote or translate, on the Regional Office web site (http://www.euro.who.int/pubrequest). © World Health Organization 2013All rights reserved. The Regional Office for Europe of the World Health Organization welcomes requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications, in part or in full.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either express or implied. ...

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“…A regional emissions inventory of natural and manmade emissions over land during the VOCALS REx period was developed at the University of Iowa. This inventory is described by Mena-Carrasco et al (2012) and is available at http://bio.cgrer.uiowa.edu/VOCA_emis/. It includes emis-…”

Section: Case Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: the VOCA intercomparison

et al. 2015

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Abstract.A diverse collection of models are used to simulate the marine boundary layer in the southeast Pacific region during the period of the October-November 2008 VOCALS REx (VAMOS Ocean Cloud Atmosphere Land Study Regional Experiment) field campaign. Regional models simulate the period continuously in boundary-forced free-running mode, while global forecast models and GCMs (general circulation models) are run in forecast mode. The models are compared to extensive observations along a line at 20 • S extending westward from the South American coast. Most of the models simulate cloud and aerosol characteristics and gradients across the region that are recognizably similar to observations, despite the complex interaction of processes involved in the problem, many of which are parameterized or poorly resolved. Some models simulate the regional low cloud cover well, though many models underestimate MBL (marine boundary layer) depth near the coast. Most models qualitatively simulate the observed offshore gradients of SO 2 , sulfate aerosol, CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) concentration in the MBL as well as differences in concentration between the MBL and the free troposphere. Most models also qualitatively capture the decrease in cloud droplet number away from the coast. However, there are large quantitative intermodel differences in both means and gradients of these quantities. Many models are able to represent episodic offshore increases in cloud droplet number and aerosol concentrations associated with periods of offshore flow. Most models underestimate CCN (at 0.1 % supersaturation) in the MBL and free troposphere. The GCMs also have difficulty simulating coastal gradients in CCN and cloud droplet number concentration near the coast. The overall performance of the models demonstrates their potential utility in simulating aerosol-cloud interactions in the MBL, though quantitative estimation of aerosol-cloud interactions and aerosol indirect effects of MBL clouds with these models remains uncertain.

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Estimating the health benefits from natural gas use in transport and heating in Santiago, Chile

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Power plant fuel switching and air quality in a tropical, forested environment

Power plant fuel switching and air quality in a tropical, forested environment

A rapid assessment of the impact of hazard reduction burning around Sydney, May 2016

Global and regional modeling of clouds and aerosols in the marine boundary layer during VOCALS: the VOCA intercomparison

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